The Two Main Theories Of Nationalism Politics Essay

The devil Main Theories Of Nationalism Politics EssayDuring this assignment I bequeath discuss the two important theories of patriotism and how it came nearly. The two main theories I will discuss argon primordial ad constructivism. The fundamental definitions of patriotism will be primarily defined independently after state of wards res publicaalism will be justified as non being sole(a) to any one of these theories but instead that they are linked in concert due to the complexity of politics and social transformation. fundamental patriotism is the speculation that nations puzzle a national individualism embedded, nations are rooted in a greensalty cultural heritage and language1where patriotism is not an governmental theory and that it is natural and instinctive. The constructivists theory introduces that national individuation operator is speculative in response to social and historical circumstances where it has an ideological basis for it to populate this als o extends to the predilection of patriotism subroutined through the policy-making dimensions and state forefinger to achieve political accusings which is a political ideological system.2 political theoryIn order to discuss the difficulties of defining patriotism it is essential we pick up what ideology is. Ideology is an inherently subjective collection of ideas, or concepts, about how power should be, or is, ordered within society3. This ideology is to be understood by great masses of people, and it is about how to use power within a society.Primordial NationalismPrimordial patriotism focuses on historic and inherent social practices as the antecedent of the roots of its nation. The near fundamental factors of primordial nationalism areThat people are inherently group orientated and nations are a product of this.National identity is forged by common descent, shared language and a finger of territorial belonging.Nations are historical entitiesNationalism is characterised by deep worked up attachments that resemble kinship ties. individuals identify with families, villages, regions, age, sex groups, classes, religions, pagan and national communities4 such views are shared with philosophers such as Johann Herder who argues that to each one nation has a volksgeist which is the spirit of the people which expresses itself through song, myths and legends.5Anthony smith, The Ethnic sources of NationalismAnthony Smith advances the studies of primordial nationalism emphasising the continuity with advanced(a) nations and pre modern ethnic communities which he calls Ethnies6. He views pre modern ethnic communities as a template for modern states. For a nation to be present he weighs that the most fundamental factors in achieving nationalism are namesmyth of a common ancestryimportance of historical memoriesshared closeattachment to a specific territory and finally an element of solidarity7. From Anthony smith beliefs, there are three basic dish outes o f ethno national transformation which is the transition from Ethnies to an ethnic nation. Ethno-nationalism is the ideology of uniting an ethno-cultural group with territory by way of genealogy8.The initiative process is called Vernacular Mobilization which involves the redisco rattling of indigenous traditions, customs, symbols, memories and language by ethnic intellectuals. E.g. Quebecois nationalist movement. The second process is recognizen as heathen Politicization, in which the communitys cultural heritage is treated as a political resource, where what use to be regarded as traditions now become weapons in a cultural war waged both against outsiders and against the guardians of tradition e.g. Indian nationalism. The third process is cognize as ethnic purification which is a consequence of the opposite two processes. It begins with a return to the popular vernacular which is used specifically for political maps and incorporates a belief in the sanctity of that culture. To preserve the culture it must be kept away from undesirable influences9.A genuine example of primordial nationalism is the Rwandan genocide in 1994 where in and close to 800 people were murdered. It is argued that it was due to ethnicity and rivals between ethnic groups. The Hutu which were an ethnic group in Rwanda felt they claimed to kill their ethnic neighbours the Tutsi so they could gain plaque and distinction of others ethnic identities.Constructivist theoryThe constructivist theory states that national identity is forged in response to social and historical circumstances in which nationalism is a method of finding replacements for the loss of some cultural concepts. Constructivism think the origins of nationalism to the process of modernization. Constructivism can be related to three very important themes which areThe emergence of industrial economies which created new social tensions and skint traditional social bonds which begged the need for a national identity for t he people.States incline an important role in creating a sense of national identity which constructs a nation.The sp watch of mass education and mass literacy was a capacious contribution towards national identity.10Ernst Gellner, Nations and NationalismErnst Gellner a philosopher stated that emerging industrial societies promoted social mobility and competition which inevitably required a new source of cultural cohesion which was to be provided by nationalism. Nationalism invented the nation not the other way around, Having a nation is not an inherent impute of humanity but it has now come to appear as such11. He illustrates and discusses a nation in which for two men to be in the same nation requires two thingsCommon culture, as in a mutual understanding of each others meaningsRecognition of mutual rights and duties to each other and virtue of shared membership in it.Benidict Anderson, Imagined CommunitiesBenidict Anderson, an Irish academic, views nations as an imagined commun ity12where individuals only meet a fraction of those with whom they share a national identity with. His theory of imagined communities suggests that nationalism is constructed through common literacy, common language, education, mass media and political socialization and that a nation as a community can only be imagined due to the sheer reduce of people who never see each other and the loss take away supranational religions and political identities. It is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow members, meet them, or even hear of them, nonetheless in the minds of each lives the image of their the minds of each lives the image of their communion.13Constructivism through political viewsIn re-constructing the political order of a society it is essential to have new ideologies, this has led to modern nations being built on philosophic grounds. A good example of this would be the USA which was founded on the principals of liberali sm14. erstwhile this ideological basis has being formed a historical identity is launching for the nation. Through this new discovery of the past cultural bonds and an burden of relationship between people is formed. Constructivism portrays nationalism quite clearly as an ideology.An extension to the constructivism theory is the political view of nationalism which states that nationalism has its objective of gaining and using state power. This form of nationalism relates to political movements al indicatey brisk in states where they use the concept of the nation where the interests of the nation are supposed(p) to take priority over all other interests where the nation has sufficient sovereignty. Realistically its a response to the distinction between state and society, nationalism eliminates the distinction between cultural and political life where it soon becomes a dictatorship. Political Nationalism utilizes the perceived culture of society for the purpose of gaining politi cal power.15Eric Hobsbawm, The invention of TraditionMarxists such as Eric Hobsbawm tend to view nationalism as a device through which the ruling class counters the scourge of social innovation by ensuring that national loyalty is stronger than class solidarity thereby binding the working class to the existing power structure. Hobsbawm beliefs are that nations and nationalism is a product of modernism and have been created as a essence to political and economic ends16. He discusses the inventions of tradition which are products of social creation which are engineered to serve the interests of the elites. After the invention those traditions establish continuity and use history as a legitimate action and cement a groups cohesion17. When a state is under pressure they would target class, perform and the nation where they transferred people into citizens of a particular state, peasants into Frenchmen18. He believes that nationalism does not draw in states visa versa that states ma ke nations. Hobsbawm argues that, at the time of the French revolution In 1789 only have of the people spoke some French and between 12%-13% spoke it fairly19. Nationalism is created at the top. original nationalist feelings will only occur if the needs of the average someone can be achieved from it.20A good example of this would be Bismarckian unification with Germany in 1871. The inventions of traditions manifested with the concepts of cultural, political and military supremacy in which it could take away the right to be united as a single greater German state. This unification was the only historical experience which the citizens had in common. The Franco-German war was central as Germany had a national tradition which they clearly valued to emphasise, they emphasised it through ceremonials and rituals invented. One gymnasium record there were no less than 10 ceremonies between august 1895 and march 1896 recalling the 25th day of remembrance of the Franco-Prussian war.Posen B arry Nationalism, the Mass Army, and Military PowerPosen another philosopher argues that nationalism is caused due to readiness of war and mass mobilization warfare. Nationalism is purveyed by states for the express purpose of improving their military capabilities21. Nationalism helps generate the individual commitment to make for military combat. The anarchical condition of international relations revolves around his idea of nationalism and why it is constructed. There are two aspects to his idea of nationalism which constitute literacy and ideology which are subject to state action, states institute lordly education and engage in propaganda because military and political leaders believe that such ideas enhance the commitment of the groups to the purpose of the war to increase their willingness to forfeit their lives22.He discusses the war between Prussia and France emphasising how large masses when used, needed nationalism where people were bred not trained. Political propagand a was used through journals and pamphlets which were often read aloud. There was an increased emphasis in literacy within the army as criterion for promotion. In 1794 it was made compulsory for commissioned and non- commissioned officers to read and write. John Lynn stated that these efforts were highly successful. Not only did they contribute to the well- known elan of these French troops, but they encouraged a rise in self- and group-imposed standards of performance and sacrifice. These standards facilitated the rapid training of these French troops, which he concludes was critical to their developing combat power. Without strong normative compliance, large scale reliance on open-order combat would have been out of the question.ConclusionThrough my studies of nationalism and its main theory-based approaches I have come to the understanding and conclusion that nationalism is neither exclusively constructed or primordial, that it is a combination of these two theoretic approaches which forms the concept of nationalism. I believe that nationalism is founded primarily naturally and that the need to build a fundamental power structure influences the ignition of constructivism. Primordial nationalism acts a building block towards constructivism, without either of these two theoretical approaches nationalism would not exist.

Compassion Fatigue Analysis Health And Social Care Essay

lenity harass Analysis Health And Social Cargon take inNowadays, natural disasters, warf atomic number 18, violent crime, acts of terrorism, domestic violence and child ab drop atomic number 18 circumstances that significantly jounce life in modern society (Bush, 2009). These takingss necessitate master directions to goodly treat the combat injury associated with these face-to-face and social crises. When counsel are therapeutically engaged with a child or adult who has been traumatized or encounter with the trauma survivor, he or she whitethorn be at risk to intrusive thoughts, obviateance, negative affect and damage psychological functioning (Chrestman, 1995). Therefore, counsels are defenseless to commiseration devolve. The concept of prevailerness devolve emerged save in the last several long time in the master key literature. It typifys the cost of fondness round and for traumatized population (Adams et al., 2006 Figley, 2002).1.1 Definition of fo rgiveness frighten awaySome authors identified forbearanceateness dash as a state in which a counselor lacks of worked up strength, exhaustion, cognize languor, and discharge of vitality and energy (Alkema, Linton, Davies, 2008). In another(prenominal) words, it may be apprehend as a comprehend of cosmos tired of helping others and decision it difficult to act out of leniency. Additionally, some experts view forbearance weariness as a hazard associated primarily with ami sufficient wellness clinicians and with first responders to natural and pitying made disaster such as mainland China earthquake and incident of 9/11 (Boscarino, Figley, Adams, 2004). Among the helping professions, genetic counselors clear do witness much pain and suffering, and may fall predate to blessing jade (Udipi, Veach, Kao, LeRoy, 2008).According to Fidley (1993) as cited in Figley (2002), mildness wear d have got or alternate traumatic emphasize (STS) can be posit as the natural consequence behaviors and emotions resulting from knowing about a traumatizing event experienced by a significant other-the stress resulting from helping or wanting to help a traumatized or suffering person. As Figley (2002) pointed out, forbearance fatigue is identical to secondary traumatic stress disorder (STSD) and is the uniform of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Figley, 2002). Moreover, grace fatigue is in like manner fared as secondary traumatization, secondary traumatic stress disorder, or secondary traumatization within professional person literature (Figley, 2002 Hofmann, 2009).1.2 Historical Background of forbearance FatigueThe study of traumatic events and their subsequent impact on human beings has grown considerably over the past two decades. Since the early 1980s, the symptomatic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (APPENDIX A) has recognized two acute and localise Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) as identifiable psychogenic health c oncerns (Alkema et al., 2002). in whatever case that, according to the notion stated in criterion A1 of the PTSD diagnosis, it clearly betokens that people can develop the symptoms of PTSD without actually being physically harmed or threatened with harm (Alkema et al., 2008 Figley, 2002). That is, people can be traumatized barely by learning about the traumatic event. However, according to a limited review of the traumatology literature, it come to a conclusion that just about all of the hundreds of reports focus on traumatized people exclude those who were traumatized in right off or secondarily and only focus on those who were directly traumatized, that is, the victims (Craig Sprang, 2010 Figley, 2002). As a result, after to a greater extent than a decade of negligence of the indirect traumatized people, it is grand to consider the least(prenominal) studied aspect of traumatized stress, which is secondary traumatic stress (STS) or later, forgiveness fatigue.The term g entleness fatigue was used as far stick out as 1990, the news media in the United States used lenity fatigue to describe the publics lack of patience, or perhaps simply the editors lack of patience, with the homeless person problem, which had previously been presented as an anomaly or even a crisis which had only existed for a short succession and could presumably be solved somehow. afterward on in 1992, Joinson first used the term in print, in discussing burnout among nurses who deal with hospital emergencies, counselor, emergency get goingers and other professionals who experience STS in the delimitate of duty (Dominguez-Gomez Rutledge, 2009). That same year Jeffrey Kottler (1992), in his book, Compassionate Therapy, emphasize the immenseness of clemency in dealings with intensely difficult and resistant patient roles. Additionally, compassion fatigue has been studied by the field of traumatology, where it has been called the cost of caring for people facing emotional p ain (Boscarino et al., 2004 Hofmann, 2009).Further more(prenominal), one of the first earliest references in the scientific literature regarding this cost of caring comes from Carl G. Jung in The Psychology of aberration Praecox. In this text, Jung discusses the challenges of countertransference the healers conscious and unconscious reactions to the patient in the therapeutic situation. In his text, he pointed out that therapist can treat their patients with schizophrenia by participates in the delusional fantasies and hallucinations with the patient. Nevertheless, he warns that this participation in the patients darkly plaguy fantasy world of traumatic images has significant deleterious effect for the therapist especially when the therapist has not resolved his/her own outgrowthal and traumatic issues (Craig Sprang, 2010 Figley, 2002).1.3 Statistic of compassion fatigue on counselors without the years, the number of natural and expert disasters was on the rise, therefore, s tudies of the effects of disaster events on both the victims and the disaster responders change magnitude (Boscarino, Adams, Figley, 2006 Bush, 2009). M whatsoever researchers focus on those professionals who provide therapy to victims of trauma such as trauma counselors, crisis workers, nurses and other cathexisgivers who beseem victims themselves of secondary traumatic stress (STS) or compassion fatigue (Bourassa, 2009 Coetzee Klopper, 2010 Figley, 2002).Studies which focus on picture the psychological impacts of providing mental health counseling to the disasters victims had found out that counselors were psychologically affected by their work, whether or not they personally experienced the disaster (Martin et al., 2010). For instance, as Myers and construct (2005) pointed out, nearly three-quarters (73.5%) of counselors were rated as being at risk of compassion fatigue, which take on moderate risk (23.5%), high risk (29.4%), and extremely high risk (20.6%) in their study of the psychological impact on counselors who work with the trauma survivors of the Oklahoma City Bombing (Myers Wee, 2005) Furthermore, Meldrum et al. (2002) found that 27% of a sample of Australian mental health professions who worked with traumatized individuals describe extreme stress from this oddball of work (Meldrum, King, Spooner, 2002).In a research article that have been by by Arvay and Uhlemann (1996) using a sample of 161 trauma counselors in British Columbia, they found out that 24% of the counselors interviewed perceived life as stressful. cardinal percent reported high directs of emotional exhaustion, 4% reported levels of hypostatisation and 26% reported feeling in efficacious at work in terms of professional accomplishment (Arvay Uhlemann, 1996). Fourteen percent of the sample reported traumatic stress levels similar to PTSD. In their article, Arvay and Uhlemann (1996) also pointed out that the afflicted counselor was in his or her early 40s, held less tha n a know degree and was more likely to work for an agency than in a private setting. Additionally, Sprang et al. (2007) also found out that young female with high educational degree and less experience in clinical settings predicted lofty levels compassion fatigue in the studys sample of 1,121 mental health providers (Sprang, Clark, Whitt-Woosley, 2007).1.4 Causes of compassion fatigueAccording to Figley (2002), compassion fatigue occurs when one is undefended to extreme events directly experienced by another and blend ins overwhelmed by this secondary film to trauma. Thus, counselors who always listen to reports of trauma, horror, human cruelty and extreme loss of their customers are at high risk of experience compassion fatigue.In effective counseling, controlled reactivation of the traumatic memories is promoted by many encumbrances or forms of psychotherapy over delinquent to in the prevailing opinion among psychotherapists working through the traumatic events is benef icial to the client (Craig Sprang, 2010 Kinzel Nanson, 2000). For instance, in behavior therapy, clients are asked to confront with stimuli relating to the traumatic events through go to a crime scene (in vivo) or imagining the events of the crime (in sensu) (Craig Sprang, 2010). However, psychotherapy work with torture victims is potentially harmful to the therapist and can lead to compassion fatigue although working through the traumatic events experienced by a sufferer of PTSD seems to be beneficial to the client.Undeniably, empathy allows counselors to relate to others in their care and to have a whiz of what their clients are feeling. Moreover, it also helps the counselors to put the clients experiences into location and understanding how the clients are being affected by the incidents which the counselors are arduous to mediate (Meadors et al., 2009). In brief, in an effective counseling, empathy understanding is incumbent. Besides that, counselors, by the real nature of their work, are called on to be compassionate toward their clients on a quotidian foothold (Meadors et al., 2009 Pickett, Brennan, Greenberg, Licht, Worrell, 1994). However, the more compassionate and empathetic a counselor is toward the suffering of the traumatized person, the more compromising that counselor is to compassion fatigue. It is due to compassion fatigue is based on the idea of a syndrome resulting specifically from empathizing with people who are experiencing pain and suffering counselor can become overwhelmed and may begin to experience feelings of fear, pain and suffering similar to that of their clients (Figley, 2002 Meadors et al., 2009).As Alkema et al. (2008) pointed out, the common situations of counselor that can lead to compassion fatigue take on 1) listening to stories of child abuse 2) working with suicidal ideation, 3) interacting with the terminally laid up(predicate) 4) responding with humanitarian aid in situations like disaster, poverty, or wa r 5) caring for families with an injured or dying child 6) providing support for survivors of rape and 7) providing function for bereaved families.It is meaning(a) to note that the wiz of being overwhelmed or exposure to compassion fatigue is subjective, meaning that what overwhelms one counselor, may not ineluctably overwhelm another. Additionally, even one story that overwhelms the counselors ability to make sense of the event, can lead to compassion fatigue symptoms (Alkema et al., 2008 Bush, 2009). Therefore, it is demand for the counselor to recognize compassion fatigue symptoms in themselves and their coworkers in turn to provide any emergency aid if needed.1.5 Symptoms of compassion fatigueThe symptoms of compassion fatigue set out in book depending on counselor characteristics and the characteristics of the client population. The resulting symptoms of compassion fatigue typically have an acute onset and are usually associated with a particular event (Stamm, 2005). Sy mptoms may include being afraid, having intrusive images reckon the persons attention, having trouble sleeping, or avoiding situations that remind the individual of the event (Tehrani, 2010).Moreover, compassion fatigue can have negative impact on spiritual development of counselor due to in some cases, counselor are psychologically bombarded by the traumatic recollections, emotional suffering, and psychological pain brought by their clients into session. A counselor might begin doubting his/her values, might express fretfulness or bitterness toward God, and begin withdrawing from fellowship (Udipi et al., 2008). Furthermore, the range of counselor behaviors indicating compassion fatigue can include spending less time with clients, being late and absent from work, reservation professional errors, being hypercritical of others, making sarcastic and cynical comments about clients and the organization, abusing chemicals, and keeping poor records (Stewart, 2009 Tehrani, 2010). In add ition, compassion fatigue also can manifest as physical symptoms such as rapid pulse, sleep disturbance, fatigue, reduced resistance to infection, weakness and dizziness, remembrance problems, weight change, gastrointestinal complaints, hypertension, and head-aches, backaches, or muscle aches (Meadors et al., 2009)According to Stewart (2009), for people exposed to primary stressors (i.e., client) and for those exposed to secondary stressors, there is a fundamental rest between the pattern of response during and following the traumatic event. Researches indicate the symptoms of secondary traumatic stress disorder (STSD) or compassion fatigue is nearly identical to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), except that PTSD symptoms are directly connected to the sufferer (e.g., client), yet STSD symptoms is associated with a exposure to knowledge about traumatizing event experienced by the people who care (e.g., counselor). Moreover, as Fidley (2002) pointed out, symptoms of compassion fatigue can be divided into categories of intrusive, avoidance, and arousal symptoms.Table 1 Compassion fatigue symptomsIntrusive SymptomsThoughts and images associated with clients traumatic experiencesObsessive and compulsive trust to help certain clientsClient/work issues encroaching upon personal timeInability to let go of work-related mattersPerception of survivors as fragile and needing the supporter of the health care providerThoughts and feelings of inadequacy as a caregiverSense of entitlement or specialnessPerception of the world in terms of victims and perpetratorsPersonal activities disrupt by work-related issuesAvoidance SymptomsSilencing Response (avoiding hearing/witnessing clients traumatic material)Loss of enjoyment in activities/cessation of self-care activitiesLoss of energyLoss of hope/sense of dread working with certain clientsLoss of sense of competence/ potentialIsolationSecretive self-medication/addiction (alcohol, drugs, work, sex, food, spending, etc.) Relational dysfunctionArousal Symptoms change magnitude anxietyImpulsivity/reactivityIncreased perception of demand/threat (in both job and environment)Increased frustration/angerSleep disturbance problem concentratingChange in weight/appetiteSomatic symptoms1.6 Measuring compassion fatigueIt is essential to assess for compassion fatigue symptoms in the caregiver especially for counselors who work with those traumatized clients (Hofmann, 2009 Stamm, 2005) Thus, certain reliable instrument is needed to use to measure the degree of compassion fatigue in counselors. It is mainly due to through the scoring of the instrument, it can give the counselor valuable feedback or insight of their photograph level to compassion fatigue (Adams et al., 2008 Stamm, 2005). Besides that, an enquiry of the history of the counselor is also a critical step in treating compassion fatigue as researchers have found that a personal history of a traumatic experience can contribute to the experience of compa ssion fatigue (Adams, Figley, Boscarino, 2008). Thus, compassion fatigue counselors can take care their co-workers to examine the role that their previous traumatic material has on making them vulnerable to the experience of compassion fatigue. For instance, the Professional Quality of Life Scale Compassion Satisfaction and Subscales (ProQOL) have been widely used in assessing secondary/vicarious trauma (Bride, Radey, Figley, 2007).Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) ProQOL is a 30 item self-report measure to assess the dimensions compassion satisfaction, burn-out and compassion fatigue (APPENDIX A). The compassion satisfaction dimension (CS) measures pleasure derived from being able to do the daily work swell up where higher scores on this scale represent a greater satisfaction related to ones ability to be an effective caregiver. Besides that, the burnout dimension (BO) in this scale is associated with feelings of hopelessness and difficulties in dealing with work. hi gh-pitcheder scores are related to higher risk for burnout. Moreover, the compassion fatigue dimension (CF) relates to work-related secondary exposure to extremely stressful events. High scores indicate that ones are exposed to frightening experiences at work. The of import reliabilities for the scales are 1) Compassion Satisfaction alpha = .87, 2) Burnout alpha = .72 and 3) Compassion Fatigue alpha = .80. Additionally, the construct validity upon which the test is based is well effected with over 200 articles noted in the peer-review literature. Using the multi-trait multi-method mode for confluent and discriminant validity the scales on the ProQOL do, in fact, measure different constructs (Adams et al., 2008 Bride et al., 2007).1.7 Consequences of compassion fatigueResearches have indicated for those counselors who have the greatest capacity for feeling and expressing empathy are at the greatest risk from experiencing secondary traumatic stress or compassion fatigue (Alkema et al., 2008). Furthermore, it has been recognized that counselors suffering from compassion fatigue may be engaged in impaired or wrong practice. Those counselors may become worried with their patients/clients and exhibit signs and symptoms that are not beneficial to optimal patient/client care. It can negatively affect the ability to provide run and maintain personal and professional relationships (Craig Sprang, 2010).When a counselor is suffering from compassion fatigue, he or shes ability to listen with empathy becomes compromised, the counselor may unconsciously avoid the traumatic material brought by the client in an trial to maintain the integrity of the counselors world view (Alkema et al., 2008 Bride et al., 2007). For instance, the counselor will tend to remain silent when he or she is unable to attend to the clients traumatic material. Instead, the counselor will redirects the conversation to less disturbing material that is more pleasant to them (Alkema et al., 2008).Mo reover, as Adam et al. (2006) pointed out, counselors who are suffering from compassion fatigue may hurt their clients by placing their own of necessity above the needs of the clients. They may tend to avoid the discussion of the traumatic content as a means of protecting themselves from further exposure. According to Bride et al. (2006), avoidance of clients traumatic issue in counseling comprise a degree of unethical practice as it further isolates the client in his or her psychological pain and suffering. As a result, the counseling alliance may be damage and will lead to further suffering for the client and puts the counselor itself at risk for injuring other clients. Besides that, it is important to note that counselor with compassion fatigue is more likely to develop a sense of isolation, exhaustion and professional dissatisfaction. Therefore, compassion fatigue has the potential to rob the professional of his or her sense of well-being if left unaddressed (Alkema et al., 2008 Craig Sprang, 2010 Figley, 2002).PREVENTIONS AND INTERVENTIONSAfter years of clinical practice, counselors are being confronted with tragedies of life and depression (Hofmann, 2009). Therefore, they are at high risk of accumulated pain and sadness. Thus, if without an appropriate way or the time to have positive experiences, it will increase the risk of compassion fatigue and distancing (Kinzel Nanson, 2000 Newsom, 2010). For that reason, the need for some kind of structured prevention, support, and strengthening processes is necessary in order to help the counselor to deal with indirect traumatization.Among the intervention methods, debrief sessions are a good way to help a counselor with compassion fatigue decompress and normalize what they are experiencing (Kinzel Nanson, 2000 Pickett et al., 1994). During debriefing session, traumatic incident is discussed in a structured group meeting. Through debriefing, it can help the counselor to address the immediate psychological impa ct that he or she experienced from the client. Thus, through discussing and seeking assistance from other colleagues and caregivers who have had experience with trauma and have remained healthy and hopeful, it can assist the counselor to alleviate the traumatic symptoms (Pickett et al., 1994).In addition, the importance of regular professional control, before and after traumatic events, has been identified as essential, as is proceed education and training (Kinzel Nanson, 2000 Meadors et al., 2009). It is due to for the purpose to promote long-term make do with the consequences of the traumatic events, continuity of the supervision and training program is necessary. Moreover, the aim of supervision is to explore and reduce the impact of the painful client material on the counselors thinking and emotions. In the United Kingdom, personal supervision is a professional requirement for counselors and it may be provided by a clinical supervisor, manager, or peer (Kinzel Nanson, 2000) .According to pre-existing studies, it had been recognized that self-hypnosis have beneficial effects on immune control, enhanced mood and well-being (Martin et al., 2010 Mottern, 2010 Ruysschaert, 2003). Besides that, clinical experience with clients and therapists reports also indicated that ones can recovering and lowering their overall level of stress through self-hypnosis (Martin et al., 2010). Therefore, self-hypnosis is an effective tool to help counselor in preventing compassion fatigue or in promoting compassion satisfaction. In stress management, counselors ability to let go do play a very important role in stress-resistance or resilience. Figley (1995) also sees let-it-go as an important aspect in the reduction of compassionate stress. Therefore, in effective counseling, it is important for the counselor to find ways to create some distance from the emotional pain that they experienced from their clients. According to Morttern (2010), practicing self-hypnosis in a regular basis is important step in promoting self- consciousness and temporarily distancing oneself from the outside world. For instance, it is possible for the counselor who suffered from compassion fatigue letting go of intrusions and thoughts indirectly by imagining thoughts as clouds, coming and going, and just noticing what happens (Mottern, 2010).Furthermore, counselors have to increase their own self awareness and live a healthy, balanced lifestyle in order decreases their vulnerability from compassion fatigue (Figley, 2002 Prati Pietrantoni, 2009). For instance, counselors can increase their self awareness by knowing their own triggers and vulnerable areas and learn to defuse them or avoid them (Bride et al., 2007). Besides that, counselors have to realize that normal responses to abnormal situations is true for helpers as well as victims. Thus, they should allow themselves to grieve when bad things happen to others (Figley, 2002). Moreover, it is essential for the counselors to s et boundaries for themselves by develop realistic expectations about the rewards as well as the limitations of helping (Prati Pietrantoni, 2009). In brief, they have to become aware of any irrational beliefs that impair their well being throughout the helping process. run short but not least, diversions and recreation that allow the counselor to take mini-escapes from the intensity of their work is absolutely essential to avoid from compassion fatigue (Alkema et al., 2008). Researches indicate that those that have the ability to turn their thoughts about work off are more resilient throughout their career (Alkema et al., 2008 Figley, 2002). For instance, counselors can express their feelings through writing in a journal, music or art.CONCLUSIONCounselors put down themselves in the helping profession because they want to assist other in need. Yet, counselors can become so overwhelmed by the exposure to the feelings and experiences of their clients and leave them vulnerable for comp assion fatigue. Compassion fatigue, if left untreated, can spark a deadening of personality and generate a decline in general health of the counselors. Thus, it is of vital importance to treat the helpers or counselors with compassion fatigue so that it do not reach a absurd situation where clients/victims are treated and helped, but those who help them experience such burnout that they can no longer function as mental health care providers or even continue their own life patterns as usual. Therefore, counselors and every mental health professionals must note and address the prevention steps in order to prevent compassion fatigue. In brief, compassion fatigue is a serious problem among members of the helping professions, but counselors will be able to get through it by acknowledging it, and staying connected to the good in their own life.

Management of Maxillary Sinusitis of Endodontic Origin

counselling of Maxillary Sinusitis of Endodontic OriginA case report compendium Endodontic implications of the upper jawbone fistula include extension of periapical lesion into the fistula. Though the existent cause of sinusitis is difficult to determine accurately, majority of the cases occur through a alveolar consonant consonant cause. The purpose of this paper was to present tense the management of upper jaw sinusitis of endodontic origin. A 48 year old gener onlyy healthy virile affected role reported to the dental clinic for the implant placement in the scene of action of missing 26. During the procedure, the dental operating surgeon noticed a thick granulation tissue tissue in the stocky area with painful sensation. Further endodontic consultation revealed the tooth 25 was endodontically treated 9 years ago and CBCT showed periapical lesion pierce the upper jaw sinus. Extraction and enucleation was done and the biopsy sent to the histopathological lab revealed periapical granuloma. After 2 months, patient was asymptomatic and ENT interrogatory showed the floor of upper jawbone sinus with trim hyperplasia. Symptoms of maxillary sinusitis commode evoke pain of dental origin, and a overcareful differential diagnosis is important when dealing with pain in the maxillary posterior area.Keywords maxillary sinusitis, mucositis, odontogenic originIntroductionEndodontic implications of the maxillary sinus include extension of periapical lesion into the sinus. The literature mentions many cases of extension of periapical infection to the maxillary sinus 1-2-3-4. Stafne estimated that 1575% of the sinusitis cases occur through a dental cause although the actual cause is difficult to determine accurately 5. Sinusitis can be divided into acute, subacute and chronic types. Symptoms produced by acute or subacute maxillary sinusitis can be mistaken with those of bod magazineal origin 6. A comprehensive examination of the patients medical and dental tarradiddle will draw the attention of the clinician to endodontic implications of odontogenic origin.The purpose of this paper was to present the management of maxillary sinusitis of endodontic origin.Case reportA 48 year old generally healthy male reported to the dental clinic for the implant placement in the area of missing 26. During the procedure, the dental surgeon noticed a thick granulation tissue in the deep area and the patient started feeling painful sensation even with perennial anesthesia. The surgeon then put bone graft material and unopen the flap for further consultation. persevering was then shifted from implant clinic to the diagnosis clinic for examination of tooth 25 that had periapical lesion (figure 1). It was revealed during the examination that the tooth 25 had undergone root canal word 9 years ago. The pre-operative skiagraph had revealed a large periapical lesion with interrupted lamina dura nearly the tooth 25 with previous root canal option materi al and filling on the crown (Figure 2). The periodontal probing was within normal limits for all teeth in the upper left region and the teeth 24 and 25 was restored with amalgam. (figure 3 and 4). The tooth showed no response to cold and electric pulp testing and it was conjure on percussion but not on palpation. The tooth was diagnosed as previously treated with symptomatic periapical peridontitis.After the clinical examination, CBCT radiography was taken to check the maxillary sinus involvement. CBCT revealed a periapical lesion that perforated the maxillary sinus with thickening of the maxillary sinus floor (figure 5, 6 and 7). Patient then referred to ENT segment for consultation. They advised (i) extraction of the involved tooth to remove the bloodline of infection and the thickening of the floor will get resolved upon take note up, or (ii) to inoculate the lesion completely through endoscope under GA.Patient presented to the endodontic clinic for manipulation plan and dec ision making. The endodontist advised root canal re- intervention of 25 engageed by surgical root end resection and retrograde filling on with enucleation of the lesion with precaution to the maxillary sinus perforation. But after consultation with prosthodontist, it was heady to extract the tooth 25 as it was questionable in restorability (figure 8 and 9).So, the recommended treatment was extraction and the final diagnosis was maxillary sinusitis of endodontic origin. Patient referred to OMF department where extraction of tooth 25 and enucleation of the lesion was performed (figure 10, 11 and 12). The biopsy was sent to the histopathololgy lab. Post-surgical instructions were given to the patient and was prescribed cap. amoxicillin 500mg tid, tab. brufen 600mg, Rhinocort along with anti-histamines and decongestants. Biopsy report showed periapical granuloma which confirmed the diagnosis. On follow up after 2 months, patient was asymptomatic and PA radiograph revealed socket spac e (figure 13 and 14). ENT examination showed the floor of maxillary sinus with trim down hyperplasia.DiscussionRadiographic examination of the maxillary sinus includes periapical, occlusal, panoramic and seventh cranial nerve views7. Panoramic radiography provides a wide overview of the sinus floor and its anatomic relation with the tooth grow allows the determination of the size of periapical lesions. The symptom associated with maxillary sinusitis is hushed pain, mostly unilateral and during mastication, or a feeling of fullness more or less the upper posterior teeth. The patient may complain of pain exacerbated when untruth down or bending due to increased intracranial mash from blood flow and the affected sinus may be tender to palpation8. The teeth in relation to affected sinuses will be clean or extremely sensitive to palpation and/or percussion. Nasal carry out is considered to be important sign of sinus infection. The use of a local nasal decongestant may help in differentiating pain from sinusitis or from dental origin. On the other hand, the pain of dental origin ranges from thermal sensitivities to never-ending sharp pain which may be associated with localized swelling. Radiographic changes in sinusitis show thickened sinus mucosal membrane and air-fluid filled.The world-class quantify that showed the direct extension of dental infection into the sinus was in a study by Bauer in 1943. His study was done on cadavers and revealed the pulp of involved teeth with histological evidence of extension of infection into the maxillary sinus. The local hyperplasia of dental origin in the mucosa of the maxillary sinus could be removed by conservative root canal therapy. Selden and majestic in1970 also managed maxillary sinusitis after the treatment of a periodontal-endodontic lesion in first and second premolars. For the unflinching cases after a conservative management, the surgical tone-beginning was recommended10. In this case the restorabil ity of the tooth made the final decision.At least 70% of bacterial contamination of sinusitis is caused by Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus37 influenzae11. Antibiotics are a prodigious part of management in acute suppurative sinusitis. Pinheiro et al recommended amoxycillin as a first-line of treatment aimed to cover both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. local decongestants are advantageous for oxygenation and facilitate the sinus drainage of pus by decreasing the edema. Analgesics, such as paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are beneficial for the control of pain.ConclusionThe close anatomical inter-relationship of the maxillary sinus and the roots of upper posterior teeth can lead to endodontic complications. Periapical rubor can lead to maxillary sinusitis of dental origin with resultant firing and thickening of the mucosal lining of the sinus in areas adjacent to the corresponding teeth. In such cases, the conventional endodontic treatment or re-treatment is the treatment of choice with surgical intervention. But there are chance of refractory cases which requires extraction to remove the source of infection. An adequate diagnosis and appropriate treatment with antibiotics, decongestants and analgesics are indicated for the treatment of sinusitis.

Marketing Essays Red Bull

trade Essays scarlet hog Table of Contents Introduction carmine whoreson and commercialize scheme Introduction market place Entry Market Strategy merchandising communications Company epitome Analytical Methods Company Sales and variegation Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Conclusions Future of blushful tinkers damn and Recommendations References Introduction violent red cent has created a strong brand image, using colourful icon with 2 bulls in opposition and a memorable tag line reddish doodly-squat gives you wings. Through creative mete outing and sponsorship it has connect itself with extreme sports, groundbreaking music and art, all aimed squarely at the younker marketplace (Dahlen, Lange and Smith, 2010). This draft examines brand splitment, which strategies have helped it to mastery and where the brand goes from here as it faces the fortune of losing its cutting-edge image while continuing largely with only ane overlap. Red Bull is a European success story. The work was launched in 1987 in Austria. It set about opposition from the Food and wassail Administration (FDA), who ref utilize to trig it for diffusion only when despite this it became an underground success through clubbers and snowboarders. This anti-establishment military posture instal synergy with consumers, scour after it was cleared for sale. It quickly strewing into neighbouring countries and into the US market (Franzen and Moriarty, 2009). Dahlen, Lange and Smith (2010) note that by 2004, it had gained 40% overlap of its market sector and 70% in Europe. However, the brand still faced problems it was banned in Denmark and France following unsubstantiated rumours that people had died from drinking the product in Sweden and Ireland (Mail Online, 2001). The European market was stagnating, and it faced distribution problems from companies supporting their own-brand products. The present competition from Pepsi and Coca-Cola special(a) the scope for expansion. With these pressures, the confederation unquestionable a selling system that avoided mainstream advertising, instead focusing on grass-roots promotion. The product was sold in chic nightclubs and bars, and the credibility of those held in high regard by the offspring shoot for audience, such as DJs (Boswijk, Thijssen and Peelen, 2007). blade education was raised by high-profile visits to places where the corporation felt people might need a lift. Examples allow offices, building sites and garages. Self-styled Red Bull distributors exploited their local knowledge to help sell the brand and its products. It footing of higher profile merchandising, Red Bull has primarily foc mathematical functiond on maintaining its links with extreme sports. It sponsors two Formula One teams (Red Bull and Toro Rosso), as vigorous as snowboarding, kite-boarding, surfboard and aircraft hotfoot. any of these underline its commitmen t to its youthful, energetic designate audience. The conterminous founder of the brief examines how its market strategy fits into contemporary marketing theory. Red Bull and Marketing Theory Introduction Red Bull is essentially a one-product brand, offered at a premium price in its market sector. Having started in Austria, it quickly spread to opposite markets including the USA and has effect the market draw in its sector. It uses a novel salute to marketing, which is discussed later in this theatrical role. In terms of the traditional 4Ps of marketing, thusly, the fellowship is easy to categorise. However, the 4P method has received censure as being somewhat limited (Lee, 2001), and thereof the telephoner is examined from a itemise of perspectives in this section, starting with market entry. Market Entry either fresh companionship has to agree how they intend to enter a saucy market. This go out be predicated by a number of factors such as the visi ble(prenominal) resources, the gross revenue objectives, product offered and existing competition (Fifield, 1998). In the eluding of Red Bull, the launch of the refreshful product established a parvenue category of product that of free energy drinks. Derived from a concept found by Dietrich Mateschitz in the Far East, the formula developed included large amounts of caffeine, sugars (glucose and sucrose) and taurine (Red Bull, 2014). Taurine is a conditional amino acid, which nub it cannot be created by the body but needs to be provided in the diet. It is found in meat and fish (WebMD, 2014). It is used medically in the discourse of congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes, among other conditions, and it is present in infant formulas. Taken in concert with the other ingredients, Red Bull claims that it provides an energy boost (Red Bull, 2014). Since no similar type of product existed on the market, there was no direct competitor. As an inno vator, the play along had to civilise its prey audience on the products benefits. If a plenteousness market entry approach is used, this can be extremely dear(predicate) (Hill and Jones, 2012), since customers have to be convinced that the modern product is safe, has unique benefits and is socially acceptable. Rather than attempting to do this on a large scale, Red Bull adopted a novel method based on introducing the product at a grass roots level. It is promoted as a trendy drink at events where its main brand audience gathers nightclubs, extreme sports events and even parties. In the latter, it encourages students to set up Red Bull parties and provides them with free cans to trade to their friends. The come with excessively uses cars in the corporate colour scheme together with a gigantic can which give out promotional samples (Onkvisit and Shaw, 2009). Initially, distribution is set up using downhearted distributors. In some cases, the lodge has hired warehouses an d set up young people to aggressively sell the product (Pride and OFerrell, 2006). As far as can be determined from the available literature, this approach is promising to reside to be used in addressing new markets in future. Market Strategy Its chosen strategy has led to strong word-of-mouth gross revenue in new markets, and this provides a springboard for further success in those markets. As it grows, it invests further in creating events such as the Flugtag, in which competitors attempt to fly from a loading dock using homemade, unpowered aircraft most of which are incapable of flight, and soapbox go (Red Bull, 2014a). This draws both competitors and audiences. Most of the events the partnership sponsors are more professional in nature and cover an change magnitude range of activities, from spectacular air racing using stunt planes, to cliff diving, wingsuit racing, motorsports and adventures. The caller has even moved into calculator gaming and e-sports. The feature s that are common to all of these activities are their attraction to their target audience and their somatogenic and mental requirements. Having identified this approach, the go with appears to be lancinating to continue to exploit it. When considering the market positioning of the Red Bull energy drink, it almost appears that it has arisen organically from the properties of the product it supports physical and mental exertion and therefore the market position supports this. However, this belies is underpinned by clever physical and psychological positioning. The physical positioning refers to the products unique characteristics (it provides energy from its unique formula) and the psychological positioning derives from its brand image as being youthful and energetic, and socially desirable to its twenty-something core audience (Lantos, 2011). From its accredited product offering (one product), the companionship has added a little to its portfolio through the introduction of R ed Bull sugar-free, Red Bull zero-calories, Red Bull editions (in flavours of cranberry, lime and blueberry) and Red Bull skunk. The cola is promoted as being the only cola drink made from atomic number 6% earthy ingredients and makes the case that, unlike other brands that might be mentioned, it has no secret formula. The company follows the same basic branding approach for these supernumerary products, presumably on the grounds that they will entreaty to subsets of their existing target audience. Marketing Communications However impressive a brand is, it has no evaluate unless it can communicate its unique characteristics to the consumer. On this basis, Red Bull has a highly effective marketing communications approach, it is surely treasure as the 74th most valuable brand in the world, with a value of $7.5 billion USD (Forbes, 2014). From grass roots marketing, these days the brand is more recognise through its sponsorship initiatives. This is backed up with a strong o nline presence that powerfully reflects the brand image and provides a form of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC). The company sees modern communications media as being critical to their success (Kotler and Keller, 2012). The reason Red Bull has achieved such success has been that it has successfully align its brand identity with that of its target audience in a mien not achieved by its competitors (Urbany and Davis, 2010). Even when it uses traditional marketing media such as TV, it does so in a quirky ways that does not consume itself too seriously. In doing so it maintains the image that appeals to its customers. It is this consistancy of substance that is so chief(prenominal) to IMC. Whatever channel is used to get the message across, it must be the same as those used on alternative channels. Digital media provides an increasingly important method of communicating with consumers, and Red Bull has identified this. As well as having a strong website that focuses on th e sponsorship activities it is involved with, it withal provides links to social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and You Tube. These sites provide consumers with a means of communicating with the company and with like-minded individuals across the world. This fosters a club-like experience that enhances the companys alignment with its customers. The use of social media to build on race marketing is now well recognised, and Red Bull has been in the principal of exploiting this (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2011). The company has also been active in the field of mobile marketing, intro its own app to allow subscribers to keep in touch with the company when on the move. Overall, Red Bull is one of the most effective marketing communications companies in the world, and it does so by offering interesting fill to its customers. The actual advertising of the products forms a small part of this. However, the brand is most linked with its products and thus the message ge ts across clearly. The continually changing meaning prompts users to visit its sites frequently, and in doing so keeps the brand close to the users attention. Few companies have been so successful in doing so. The next section looks at the current state of the company in the market. Company Analysis Analytical Methods There are a variety of methods available for the compendium of a company. These include analyses on the external environment in which the company operates, such as PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Legal and Environment), and those that examine the internal circumstance such as SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) (Allen, 2001 Murray-Webster, 2010). Other techniques include VRIO (Value, Rarity, Imit cogency and Organisation), used to determine the level of competitive advantage a company has and how long it is likely to be retained (Peng, 2011). In this case, a PESTLE analysis would provide results indicative of the energy d rinks market rather than being specific to Red Bull. A VRIO analysis lacks the depth of SWOT analysis in terms of a general assessment of the internal and external situation, and therefore a SWOT analysis was chosen for analysis of the company. This is shown later in the next section. Company Sales and Diversification Apart from its energy drinks, the company has modify into other businesses that have synergy with its brand image. These include football clubs, youth academies, online clothing gross sales and even a construction company. It has moved into media ownership, with scar magazines and the mobile phone service industry. Red Bull is privately own and therefore does not need to report its performance publicly. However, it reported can sales of 4.9 billion Euros in 2012, with 5.2 billion cans of its primary product sold. This stand for considerable growth on the previous year (15.9% on sales 12.8% on number of cans). The company showed very strong net sales growth in South Africa (52%), Japan (51%), Saudi Arabia (38%) and strong go along growth in France (21%), the US (17%) and Ger many an(prenominal) (14%) (Euromonitor, 2012). The company attributed this to ongoing brand enthronisation and efficient cost management (Euromonitor, 2012). Strengths The main strength of Red Bull is its brand, which is very valuable and has allowed it to grow a strong set of customers. It is synonymous with its energy drink, which is a positive factor (Park et al, 2013). The company has successfully developed new markets internationally using the same brand image. It can therefore be considered as a global company. This is important in that many of its current markets are at or near market saturation. Its use of social media to help to build its brand by relationship marketing is also a strength (Segrave, Carson and Merhout, 2011). Weaknesses The main weakness of the brand is its limited product portfolio. It primary relies on its single main product. This product is at risk of political or legal controls owing to the high levels of caffeine used, or it could just lose its appeal to the market (Aaker and McLoughlin, 2010). This could adversely repair the ability of the company to maintain its position in various markets. Opportunities The company has been effective in developing emerging markets, and if this continues it could largely offset poorer sales developments in the mature markets. Its global marketing message appears to be universally appealing to its target audience, despite cultural differences. It has also invested in new production facilities in Brazil to support domestic sales in the South American continent management (Euromonitor, 2012). This model could easily be extended to local production in Asia and other developing markets. This would both descend cost of sales and provide a greater star of community belonging. Threats A range of similar drinks have emerged following its success, increasing the level of competition within its market sector. Some of these competitors use natural ingredients, which may be seen as more desirable to its target audience. This includes the goliath product, which is pressuring sales particularly in North America management (Euromonitor, 2012). The company also faces competition from entrenched market leaders in the wider drinks market such as Coca Cola and Pepsi. These companies work continuously to reduce the threat level posed to themselves from Red Bull. With their huge marketing budgets and ability to develop new products, this could eventually prove decisive and reduce the success of Red Bull. The company also faces the law of diminishing returns in marketing in its mature market, in that the cost to reach the relatively small number of potential customers remaining in these markets becomes prohibitively high (Mike, 2004). The company invests considerable resources in its relationship marketing, and this ongoing cost may also become more onerous , should sales in its target market bring back for any reason. Therefore the company faces the potential of having high marketing be leading to smaller sales despite its dominant position in many markets. Conclusions Red Bull has demonstrated a novel approach to marketing and has introduced a new product to the market that has spawned an entire new category of product. Through its actions, the company has become very successful and has become the market leader in its sector. Its use of a marketing message that is light on selling the product but heavy on building the brand image and associating it with extreme sports and other activities of interest to its target audience has possibly shown the future direction of much marketing effort. The current position of Red Bull remains strong in its market sector. However, as it is now the leading brand in many markets, it will find it difficult to maintain its position due to increased competition from other brands that have seen the opportunities offered by the sector. The growing age of its original target audience may also prove a factor the company has deliberately addressed a youthful market and as these original customers grow older, it remains to be seen whether the product will continue to appeal to newer generations. However, the company can n develop new markets, and it can potentially reduce costs by focusing on domestic production. These new markets may allow the development of complimentary new products. . It is possible that these could then be sold in its mature markets, widening its product portfolio. Whether the company remains successful will depend on a number of factors. Primarily, there is a question of whether the brand can continue to be trendy now that it is well established in the market. It faces increasing competition in its sector, and this will affect sales unless the company can successfully fend it off. However, it can still expand into new markets and streamline its production f acilities to allow the business to continue to grow. Future of Red Bull and Recommendations In order to protect its position and continue to grow, the company should embrace the opportunities offered in emerging markets. It should also work to streamline its distribution to reduce costs. This could be through domestic production or through setting up alliances with existing distributors in those regions. The competition to Red Bull is only likely to increase as more manufacturers seek to exploit its market sector. uphill products may replace the Red Bull brand image of being cutting edge and anti-establishment one company cannot keep this mantle forever. The company should therefore consider adapting its message to existing consumers as they mature. The company is well placed to make this transition. However, it cannot simply rely on existing customers, but must appeal to new consumer groups. This could be assisted by the launching of additional products aimed at different demo graphics. Red Bull is used as a mixer for spirits such as vodka. This offers an additional luck to target the more mature audience by launching pre-mixed souse drinks. Red Bull has shown itself adept at social media. The company should develop this as far as possible, embracing new technologies as they arise. This is lively for it to maintain its relationship marketing and also allow the brand to continue to spread through word-of-mouth and sharing of information online. Since the company has so much news to share from the events and teams it sponsors, it has a readymade store of information. This could prove to be important in maintaining brand loyalty in the future. References Aaker, D. A. McLoughlin, D. (2010), Strategic Market precaution Global Perspectives, UK John Wiley Sons Allen, M. (2001), Analysing the Organisational Environment, UK Select Knowledge Boswijk, A., Thijssen, T. Peelen, E. (2007), The Experience preservation A New Perspective, Netherlands Pearson Education Benelux Dahlen, M., Lange, F. Smith, T. (2010), Marketing Communications A Brand Narrative Approach, UK John Wiley Sons Euromonitor (2012), Red Bull GMBH in Soft Drinks (World), available from http//www.euromonitor.com/medialibrary/PDF/RedBull-Company-Profile-SWOT-Analysis.pdf , accessed 4th November 2014 Fifield, P. (1998), Marketing Strategy, UK Butterworth-Heinemann Forbes, Red Bull, available from http//www.forbes.com/companies/red-bull/, accessed 6 th November 2014 Franzen, G. Moriarty, S. (2009), The acquisition and Art of Branding, USA M. E. Sharpe Inc. Hill, C. Jones, G. (2012), Essentials of Strategic Management, USA South-Western Cengage learnedness Kotler, P. Keller, K. (2012), Marketing Management 14th Edition, USA Pearson Education Lamb, C., Hair, J. McDaniel, C. (2011), Essentials of Marketing 11th Edition, USA South-Western Cengage Learning Lantos, G. P. (2011), Consumer Behaviour in Action, USA M. E. Sharpe Inc. Lee, O. (2001), Interne t Marketing Research Theory and Practice, USA Idea Group Publishing Mail Online (2001), Three Deaths linked to energy drink, available from http//www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-59862/Three-deaths-linked-energy-drink.html , accessed 6th November 2014 Mike, S. (2004), Marketing and Sales, India Lotus pressure level Murray-Webster, R. (2010), Management of risk guidance for practitioners, UK The Stationery Office Onkvisit, S. Shaw, J. (2009), International Marketing Strategy and Theory 5th Edition, UK Routledge Park, C. W., Eisingerich, A. B., Pol,G. Park, J. W. (2013), The role of brand image in firm performance, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 66, 180-187 Peng, M. W. 92011), Global Business, USA South-Western Cengage Learning Pride, W. OFerrell, O. C. (2006), Marketing, USA Houghton Mifflin Red Bull (2014), Red Bull Energy Drink Ingredients, available from http//energydrink.redbull.com/ingredients-red-bull, accessed 3rd November 2014 Red Bull (2014a), Events, a vailable from http//www.redbull.com/en/ take care/events, accessed 4th November 2014 Segrave, J., Carson, C. Merhout, J. W. (2011), Online Social Networks An Online Brand Community Framework (2011). AMCIS 2011 Proceedings All Submissions. Paper 249. http//aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2011_submissions/249 Urbany, J. E. Davis, J. H. (2010), Grow by Focusing of What Matters Competitive Strategy in 3 Circles, USA Business Experts Press

Impact of Deforestation

bear on of De woodsationThe destruction of our planets timberland is one of the to a greater extent or less beta advance(a) environmental issue to solar day. People, 1.6 billion, ar dependent on qualitys for their livelihoods with some ccc meg living in them (Lawson). The wood twine instrument industry is the basis of economical growth and employment (Boucher, Elias and Lininger). Global forest products are estimated to be expenditure $327 billion (Chakravarty, Ghosh and Suresh). U.S., Japanese, and European companies destroy more(prenominal) rain forest than new(prenominal) companies (Boucher, Elias and Lininger). These companies countries are rich. There is a high demand in these countries for more forest products. Their willingness to pay for rain forest products adds to the problem of disforestation. Forests c everyplace almost a third of the earths realm summon providing many environmental benefits including a major role in the hydrologic cycle, landed estate c onservation, prevention of humor alternate and preservation of biodiversity (Kissinger, Herold and De Sy). The problem is that the planet has lost 30% of its forests over the historical 25 years, which is the size of South Africa (Scientific the Statesn). If the current account of disforestation, the conversion of forest to an alternative permanent non-forested land (Chakravarty, Ghosh and Suresh), continues, forests will vanish within one hundred years causing unknown effects on universewide climate and eliminating the majority of plant and animal species on the planet (Urquhart, Chomentowski and Skole). This is demonstrated by the change of forestland to opposite uses such as husbandry, infrastructure, urban development, industry and early(a)s.disforestation began from the formation of early civilizations. The Laws of Manu is replete with passages referring to the formation of kind-hearted habitat by modify the jungle (Mahbub Uddin Ahmed). Michael Williams in his journ al article, Dark ages and dark areas world-wide deforestation in the deep past, discuss how human have unmortgaged forest since man initial discovered fire. Williams discusses that archaeology is showing that the clearing of the forests in Europe during the middle ages was reversed when the bubonic plague trim the race. William describes the impact that the ancient Mayans, Inca and Aztec had on the forest of Central and South America. During the colonization of the fall in States and Canada, millions of Native Americans died because of the introduction of diseases letting forest reclaim their land (Williams). Even though history has seen the destruction and regrowth of forests, it has not been on the global scale we are seeing now. In fact, in the continental get together States, 90% of indigenous forests have been removed since 1600. In 1839, a recent man named Frederick Engels wrote letters home to Germany describing what life was like in the industrializing United State s at the time. He writes of the ruthless(prenominal) destruction of the environment and the misery that resulted on the working class (Mahbub Uddin Ahmed). deforestation occurs in many ways. One of the first step in the address of deforestation is to clear the land for enter or mining. Usually roads are cut with forest to open the area (Steinfeld). Roads into the forest are cleared for the boastful equipment needed such as bulldozers, road graders and log skidders (Urquhart, Chomentowski and Skole). The area where the roads cut through may not even be in the areas designated for logging or mining, but just the clearing of trees for these roads starts the process of deforestation for the areas the roads run through. Once the roads are holy most of the forests about the logging and mining areas are lost to agriculture, the pay back of crops and the pasturing of cattle (Steinfeld). Forests are also lost to poor farmers in scantness areas especially those who live by equatori al rain forests (Boucher, Elias and Lininger). In a tropical rain forest, well all of the nutrients are found in the plants and trees, not in the ground as in a northern, or temperate forest. When the plants and trees are cut down to plant crops. farmers usually rationalise the tree trunks to release the nutrients necessary for a fertile soil (Urquhart, Chomentowski and Skole). When the rains come, they wash away most of the nutrients, leaving the soil much less fertile. In as little as 3 years, the ground is no longer capable of supporting crops (Boucher, Elias and Lininger). When the fertility of the ground decreases, farmers seek other areas to clear and plant, abandoning the nutrient-deficient soil. The area previously farmed is left to grow back to a rain forest. However, just as the crops did not grow well because of depressive disorder nutrients, the forest will grow back just as dimmed because of poor nutrients. After the land is abandoned, the forest may take up to 50 y ears to grow back (Boucher, Elias and Lininger).Agriculture is estimated to be the main driver for just about 80% of deforestation worldwide. Commercial agriculture has deforested around 2/3 of the forest in Latin America (Kissinger, Herold and De Sy). The findings on global patterns of destruction show that timber extraction and logging activities depend for more than 70% of total deforestation in Latin America where cattle and soy are important (Scientific American). In Africa and Asia, agriculture accounts for around 1/3 of deforestation. The timber industry has played a real role in the deforestation of Southeast Asia where logging is followed by the foot of large palm oil and pulpwood plantations. Mining, infrastructure and urban expansion are important but less prominent (Kissinger, Herold and De Sy). In Africa, the main deforestation drivers are chopping trees for firewood or do charcoal, which opens the land up to farming and livestock grazing.To get a better understa nding of deforestation, we first need to control the driving force behind it. Specifically, human beings role in deforestation. The aspiration is in the midst of humans and other species. This is because of a growing global population and increase demand for food and other natural resources. Many studies abide that commercial agriculture is the largest direct driver of deforestation in most tropical countries worldwide (Scientific American). Indeed, the growth of commercial agriculture is cited as an important driver of deforestation by nearly all tropical countries (Lawson). The human impact on deforestation varies a great deal between continents. These demands are causing the loss of not only huge areas of forest but also having a major impact on the climate.Deforestation has caused other environmental problems such as increasing soil erosion, landslides, and floods. wearing occurs a very slack off rate, but because of deforestation, the rate has sped up by an estimated 10 t o 40 times globally (Moutinho, Paulo and Schwartzman, Stephan). Normally, trees and plant roots slow down erosion because they hold and anchor the soil in place, which prevents its laundry away. Forest also control the speed at which the rain moves through the canopy. This allows the water to trickle to the ground and pull out slowly, rather than flow over the spring up and wash away the soil. Recent research suggests that about one-half of the precipitation that falls in a tropical rain forest is a result of its moist green canopy (Moutinho, Paulo and Schwartzman, Stephan) Deforestation of lands for agriculture and development has left large regions of the world infertile. In areas used for urban development, where the ground is covered with a layer of asphalt or cover it is difficult for water to penetrate the ground and this increases the fare of runoff. . In addition, the surface runoff from urban areas is polluted with fuel, oil and other chemicals. Evaporation and evapotr anspiration processes from the trees and plants go across large quantities of water to the local atmosphere, promoting the formation of clouds and precipitation (Moutinho, Paulo and Schwartzman, Stephan). Scientists predict that increase rainfall intensity and quantity will lead to greater judge of erosion (Akais Okia, Clement). Rising sea levels have also increased the rate of coastal erosion, which has been increasingly problematic for low lying developed areas on the coast, such as in Florida and Hawaii (Akais Okia, Clement). Less evaporation doer that more of the Suns energy is able to warm the surface, which is one of the causes heating up the atmosphere. This heating up of the atmosphere and surface of the planet is causing a global climate change that is affecting stomach patterns.The warming affects wind patterns and ocean currents, and these changes alter regional weather conditions. In some regions, the weather is becoming drier, leading to droughts and wildfires. In other regions, rainfall is increasing, leading to flooding. The rubbish sheets surrounding the North Pole and South Pole are slowly disappearing which can also lead to flooding because of the rising slope ocean levels (Scientific American). Polar ice melt raises ocean levels, which threatens flooding in coastal areas. Some of the worlds smaller islands might disappear completely. According to the United Nations, up to two thousand islands in Indonesia might vanish beneath the rising ocean (United Nations). Global warming is also melting mountain glaciers. piss from the melted ice causes rivers to overflow and flood places where people and animals live. Vanishing glaciers and snow packs pose another problem too. Glaciers and snow packs provide millions of people around the world with freshwater to drink (United Nations). Without those stores of water, people will need to find other sources of fresh water. Studies also suggest that global warming is probably making hurricanes stro nger (United Nations)Deforestation not only contributes to global warming because of the forests interaction with water, forests absorb and store huge amounts of CO2, coke dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The loss of forests generates nearly 50 percent more greenhouse gases than the 25 percent of emissions contributed to the burning at the stake of fossil fuels (Urquhart, Chomentowski and Skole). A plant stores huge amounts of CO2 which it uses during the process of photosynthesis. The amount of carbon paper dioxide in the air used to be stable (Boucher, Elias and Lininger). For more than half a million years, it held steady at about 280 separate per million (280 separate of carbon dioxide per one million parts of atmosphere) (United Nations). Since, the 1800s, it has increased by about deuce-ace (Williams). Our modern atmosphere contains about 382 parts per million of carbon dioxide-and this level is continuing to rise (Kissinger, Herold and De Sy). Scientists have point to suggest that just tropical deforestation is responsible for about 20% of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions (Scientific American). When a tree is cut down or burned, the stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere.This growing amount of carbon dioxide is trapping more and more heat in our atmosphere. A stable amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere keeps Earths temperature stable (Scientific American). Deforestation releases that carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and destroys a resource that can store carbon dioxide humans produce in the future.At least half of Earths ten million species live in tropical rain forests even though tropical rain forests cover only 7% of the total dry surface of the Earth (Moutinho, Paulo and Schwartzman, Stephan). Scientists estimates indicate that up to 137 species disappear worldwide each day (United Nations). If rain forest loss continues at its current rate, up to one-third of rain forest species could go extinct by 2 040 (Scientific American). That means deforestation could wipe out about one-sixth of Earths species.

The Scarlet Letter and the Egg-carton Essay -- Scarlet Letter essays

The florid Letter and the Egg- cartonful   An analogy between two subjects sess often peak to a better understanding of one or more of the topics. This station passel be displayed by a comparison between the spotless new(a) by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The cherry-red Letter, and a normal egg-carton. An analogy can be made between the silence of mystics in the novel and the hidement of the eggs by a disagreeable egg-container. Also, a correlation can be made between the reveal of secrets by the characters in The rubicund Letter and the revealing of the many eggs by an overt egg-carton. Lastly, the characters in the novel protect others as an egg carton protects its eggs. Both an egg-carton and The Scarlet Letter provide examples of concealing, revealing, and protecting.   As a closed egg carton hides its contents from view, so the characters in Nathaniel Hawthornes novel hide their shame and secrets. veritable characters in The Scarlet Letter take grea t lengths to conceal their secret shame. Hester Prynne, the adulterous lover to Reverend Dimmesdale, lied in order to conceal the true meaning of her Scarlet Letter from her daughter, Pearl. Hester tells Pearl, ... as for the scarlet letter, I wear it for the sake of its gold-thread (Hawthorne 166). Hesters guilt ridden lover, Reverend Dimmesdale, concealed his shame as well. As he himself phrased it, Cowardice which invariably drew him back from revealing he was Pearls father, with her tremulous gripe, just when the other impulse remorse had hurried him to the limit of a disclosure (Hawthorne 136). In Dimmesdales case, it was his fear of shame that kept him from acknowledging his post in Pearls creation. Besides concealing their shame, the charact... ... did finally figure that the Minister Dimmesdale was Hesters lover, Hester discrete to warn Dimmesdale. She warned the Minister because as she believed, the sacrifice of the clergymans good name, and death itself, wou ld make water been preferable to the alternative Dimmesdales torment which she had taken upon herself to choose. (Hawthorne 177).   The novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne can be compared in several ways to an egg-carton. A closed egg-carton can conceal its contents as characters cast off concealed their secrets. An open egg-container can reveal its eggs as the characters in the novel have revealed secrets. An egg-carton can protect its eggs and Hester Prynne can protect those who were important to her. The novel The Scarlet Letter, when analyzed in depth, can be found to be an even greater piece of American literature.  

With close reference Search for my tongue written by Sujata Bhatt, and

With close reference Search for my expectoration written by Sujata Bhatt, and soundless I test by Maya Angelou both explore the in force(p)With close reference Search for my tongue written by Sujata Bhatt,and free I rise by Maya Angelou both explore the effectiveness oftheir jubilation of subtlety and traditions. The two poems are ab fall answer out both poets reflecting upon how important itis to confirm in touch with cultures and traditions, to be proud of whoyou are and where you come from.Still I Rise by Maya Angelou, a confident defiant adult female with lots ofpersonality, pumps her sassiness into the poem to do nothing hardlyinspire and course us. It is an inspiring poem about the poet herselfovercoming great obstacles which her and her family has fought againstall their lives. Her poem is a call to have pride in yourself nomatter what you are, or where you come from. It evokes a feeling ofgreat human spirit and, you cant but pay attention to the possibilitythat i t is dedicated to one particular culture or race, the blackslaves.Angelous strong personality mirrors the way in which she decided toset the poem out in rhyming verse. Its strong, yet upbeat bouncy feelcries to be read out aloud which also reflects her powerful,independent personality. Her defiance immediately starts to shine fromthe prototypical stanza. After all the negativity, bitter, twisted lies,trod me in the very dirt she provide still get up and rise against itall, not letting anyone authorization her. From such a negative stanza shemoves on to an energetic tone in stanza three. She uses genius Justlike moons and like stars to bring out a buoyant optimistic tone byusing the certainty of nature she is conveying the message that no one... ...e of Gujarat in Search for my tongue and withthe strong bouncy rhythm in Still I rise both poems scream to beread out loud.It grows back, a stomp of a shoot Like Angelou, Bhatt also usesnature to bring out the uplifting tone of the p oem. She conveys theidea that nature is certain, the rain will eer come back in Apriland the sun will always come back to shine in June. She then usespositive repetition the bud opens, the bud opens bringing anenergetic flow into the poem the use of repetition also addsexcitement and tension building to an immensely powerful fiction Itblossoms in my mouth. Sujata Bhatt finishes the elevating moving poemon a elevated note. Angelou and Bhatt explore both the ups and downs oftheir lives but both of the poets end their poems with them defeatingtheir problems and worries and standing up for their rights.

Genetic Engineering and Eugenics :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Genetic design and Eugenics The idea of catching engineering has been a very heated thing of discussion lately. The possibilities of this topic range from cloning to gene therapy and eugenics. The most youthful type, eugenics through gene therapy has created a lot of controversy. Eugenics is the study of how to improve adult male contractable heritage. This basically is the engineering of babies. The thought of these unused designer babies raises umteen new questions. What are the consequences of these advances? Is it right to design an embryo in a certain way to make it into what the parents want it to be? These are skilful a couple of the very important questions raised by this issue. As the debate to whether eugenics should be allowed rages on, the technology comes closer to making this possibility into a reality. The way in which this new technology ordain be employ is by correcting genetic problems in embryos. Extensive DNA testing will soon be able to show awaiting parents an accurate view of their embryos genes. This will allow any defects of the child to be seen. If the unhatched child is perfectly healthy, no changes will be made. If a problem is spotted, the parents may turn to abortion or gene therapy. Gene therapy is the discourse of genetic diseases by introducing genetic material into the patients genes. This new process of having children where the parents decide what type of child they will have is called genetic counseling. This process will be able to not only tell health issues, but also somebodyality traits. This is another topic that raises an fire controversy. It allows a baby to be designed to the specific desires of the parent. The presents the question of who is to declare what another person should be like? Instead of a persons laissez faire being created naturally it will be molded by science. nigh might say that this amazing process would create some of the sterling(prenominal) human s that will lead mankind into the future. Others might say that genetic engineering would destroy what could be a great person by changing their personality, removing trying health situations that build character, or aborting a person before they are born.

Drug Trafficking :: essays research papers

Making ganja Legal?When discussing whether to ultimately make hemp legal or maintaining the contemporary restrictions on the substance, it is necessary to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages the general public would gain by either decision. You can go almost anywhere and find soulfulness who is either for or against this topic. Some say cannabis is harmless and has defined medical and recreational value. Still, early(a)wises say that it is a very dangerous dose and should be kept outlaw(prenominal) and off the streets because of it being known as the gateway drug.Marijuana is and, in my mind, always will be an illegal drug. Tons of it are shipped either in or out of the united States every year. It is probably one of the most attainable illegal drugs on the streets and is available pretty much everywhere. People have been abusing marijuana for centuries and palliate there is a debate whether to legalize it or not. It is a central nervous system depressant that can either be smoked or nightimes ingested orally. Marijuana has been shown to drastically slow reflexes in users and has been linked to car crashes and other accidents where fast reflexes were required. Since it is almost always smoked, the user runs the risk of contracted lung and other types of malignant neoplastic disease by inhaling the fumes. Especially if it is being smoked in cigar radical wrapping, or a blunt. In the 1930s it was believed that smoking marijuana turned people into maniac killers. We now know that this is not confessedly and that most of the time it does the exact opposite and makes the user very foggy and almost catatonic if the user becomes too intoxicated by the substance. likewise the obvious risks associated with smoking marijuana there is the belief that marijuana, in some cases, can lead to the abuse of harsher more illicit drugs, such as cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine. This is one of the most startling things about marijuana and if true, may b e one of the main reasons that we never see it legalized. Almost three-quarters of the American cosmos think marijuana should be made legal to doctors in regularize to prescribe it to patients who suffer from acute pain due to different illnesses, such as cancer. It has been clinically proven to help reduce the miserable side-effects cancer patients must endure due to their kemo-therapy treatments. Besides helping cancer patients marijuana has been used to treat very severe cases of nausea, glaucoma, severe pain, depression, and even convulsions.

Comparing Spiritual Growth in Siddhartha and the Movie (Film), Seven Years in Tibet :: comparison compare contrast essays

Spiritual Growth in Siddhartha and the Movie (Film), Seven eld in Tibet The novel Siddhartha and the film Seven Years in Tibet be two comparable. They have similar plots and can relate to each other in many different ways. There be many characters that near have identical personalities. In addition, both the novel and the image are based upon ideas of Buddhism. Throughout both the novel and the pictorial matter there are many connections that can be made to show how both of these stories relate. During the movie and the novel there are many similar themes. There are many examples that show compassion for altogether living creatures. Having respect for all living beings is a belief for Buddhists. In the movie, Heinrich was building a movie theatre for the Dalai Lama. The t givespeople were helping them, but while they were digging they find earthworms were living there. It would be cruel for them to kill the earthworms so in come out to build the movie theatre they must remove all of the earthworms and prescribe them somewhere else to live. In the novel, Siddhartha always had respect for nature. The river is an object that meant a massive deal to him. Siddhartha could neer disrespect the river because that is what helped him get further on his locomote to enlightenment. In the root of the movie, Heinrich leaves his wife pregnant. He doesnt care that he nonplus climbing before his responsibilities of having a family. This shows how cold and egocentric Heinrich was in the beginning of Seven Years in Tibet. Siddhartha also has a period in his life when he is egocentric. While Siddhartha was with the Samanas, all he cared about was his own well-being. The small portions of food he acquired from begging was only to feed himself. Siddhartha never offered anything to anyone else while he was traveling with the Samanas. There are many characters from both the movie and the novel that are alike. Siddhartha and Heinrich are both the main characters in which the story revolves around. They both are on a journey and stick throughout their trip. They learn what life truly means to each of them. Govinda and diaphysis are also two characters that are similar.

Fate, Destiny, and Predestination in Beowulf Essay -- Epic of Beowulf E

Fate, Destiny, and Predestination in BeowulfAn large story is one that combines ele manpowerts of supernatural powers and heroic deeds with plebeian troubles. In Beowulf , the unknown author paints a typical yet magnificent boloney that is one of the great epic chronicles of the Middle Ages. Like the poems of Homer, Beowulf possesses terrible monsters, men with supernatural powers, the search for rain cloud, and deadly defeats. However, this medieval account brings a newfangled element into the folds the association between established religious forces and personal choices. The concepts of foreordination and fate intertwine in this work with the estimation of devoid will. throughout the poem, characters struggle to understand who and/or what is the guiding force for actions and events. Although this answer rest a mystery, many proverbs and traditions hint at the proper way to resilient and act. The advice, Let whoever can/ win glory before death (lines 1387-8), exalts the id ea that champions are the nigh likely to live a bountiful bearing and are the ones who uphold the highest ideals in society. Bravery and wise choices create muckle that cannot determine a future, but can help to lead a man to his predetermined best end. A specific incident in Beowulf exemplifies this connection among free will, glory, and predestination. Beowulfs fight with the dragon and dying words lay down the overarching idea that although fate, destiny, and God work to direct a man toward his death, free will and the glory acquired because of it determine how a man is remembered and honored during his life. In a society like Beowulfs, ruled by kings and noblemen, destiny is the most common indication of greatness accordingly, destiny itself is measured most oft... ... and queen mole rat Beowulfs dying words, the reader begins to form a clear picture of the warriors motivations for previous(prenominal) decisions in the poem. Awareness of the lack of fear of death is an im portant fixings to understanding the sometimes rash actions of the protagonist. The apparent non-conflict that Beowulf demonstrates in this final barb between free will and fate allows previous choices to have deserve and credibility. In the final lines of Beowulfs life, the reader sees the transition between the living and lasting worlds occur in the hero. Because he clearly gains honor and admiration in life due to his choices and will go on to claim his fate seat among the kings in the heavens, Beowulf is the example of this epic poems declaration to attain glory in both life and death. Work CitedHeaney, Seamus, trans. Beowulf . New York W.W. Norton and Company, 2000.

Essay example --

Emotions and the physiological stress reaction can affect the everyday life? It is a way of expressing oneself in life. Positive emotions can open the door to attainment for you. Negative emotions-especi whollyy overwhelming stress-can literally make to impossible to do well. This is battlefield that I know too well. The emotional state of mind in any case has a big part in our success. (Why Learning Is Not wholly in Your Head), Neurophysiologist Carla Hannaford writes Our mind/body system learns through experiencing life in context, in relationship to everything else, and it is our emotions, our feelings that mediate that context. In order to learn, think or create, learners must have an emotional commitment.Becoming more aware on the state of mind a person is in makes a unlikeness on how a person can be more proactive on a better quality of life. Ive always wishing to be a better person too I am challenged with many problems that makes performing my best difficult. We have to work to develop the reform mindset and attitude that it takes in order to create the lifestyle that we all truly want. Change...

search engines :: essays research papers

Internet commerce is iodine of the fastest growing industries today. With the wide range of capabilities the blade has it make it easier and follow efficient for businesses to make transactions with other businesses. One factor that allows businesses to find each other is search engines. Search engines are part of the crusade the web is growing so rapidly.Search engines have many capabilities from development key lecture or phrases to find what you are looking for to development general statements to browse the web. But what exactly is a search engine? Search engines are huge databases of web page files that have been assembled mechanically by machine. There are two signs of search engines. One type is the individual search engine. This type of search engine compiles its cultivation on to its own database making it accessible when you drop that particular engine. It does not affair any other engine?s information to help with your search. consequently there are the meta -searchers which do not have their own databases. They engage a combination of individual search engine?s information simultaneously, from a single site and using the same interface. Meta-searchers provide a quick way of finding out which engines are retrieving the best results for you in your search. There are two ways that Meta-searchers show their results. Most use a single list which display multiple-engine search results in a single merged list and had removed all the duplicate entries from the list. The flake way that they display their results is through multiple lists. These are separate lists in which are displayed as they are received from each engine expiration the duplicate entries on the list.Search engines are not very decomposable in the way that they work. Each search engine sends out spiders to bots into web space going from link to link identifying all pages that it can. After the spiders explicate to a web page they generally index all the voice communicatio n on that page that are publicly available pages at the site. They thusly store this information into their databases and when you run a search it matches they key words you searched with the words on the page that the spider indexed. However when you are peeping the web using a search engine, you are not search the entire web as it is presently. You are looking at what the spiders indexed in the past.

The Cause of Voter Apathy in Canada Essay -- Cause and Effect Essays

What causes voter quietude? Why, in the most recent federal and provincial elections, did roughly 40% of eligible voters stay home? Perhaps shadowdidate A, racecourse for c tot completelyyer A led by leader A, is not sensed as being significantly different from, or better than, candidate B, running for party B led by leader B.This lack of perceived difference between candidate-party-leader A and candidate-party-leader B, is not the only problem in an election. It is besides impossible to vote directly on an vent. Yes, you can let an issue influence how you vote, but on election day you are forced to endorse peerless candidate, party and leader and repudiate all other candidates, parties and leaders. Issues take a back seat to personalities. In theory, voters can have their detail concerns addressed during an election. But thats not reality. Elections simply do not provide voters with a direct say on either issue. Rather, elections are centered on personalities. The real qu estion, the only real choice, is as to which party should run the province or the country.A vote for an enemy Party candidate is a vote to replace the Government Party, and a vote for the Government Party candidate is a rejection of the Opposition Parties put forward for power. But Canadians cannot use their ballots to implement - or to reject - any specific policy concerning health, education, labour, social services, the criminal justice system, fiscal issues, the environment, energy, infrastructure, agriculture, etc. fundamental control remains with the politicians up to five years at a time. And when voting day finally arrives, issues are drowned out by one big question which leader/party should be the Government/Premier, or the Government/Prime Minister? Even when issues are ... ...vote for MLAs and MPs, they are also smart enough to vote in a referendum on an issue of their choice.By increasing the individual voters effectiveness, citizens initiative decreases voter cynicis m. Citizens initiative enables the industrious participation of all voters in their democracy. It reduces the influence of those who lobby politicians behind unlikable doors. Citizens initiative gives taxpayers the power to ensure that difficult and controversial issues cannot be avoided or ignored.Citizens initiative makes politicians more accountable and more responsive to taxpayer concerns at all times. The fact that citizens could put a proposal on the ballot puts instancy on politicians to act on the concerns of Canadians. In short, citizen-initiated referendums will increase righteousness and openness, empower taxpayers, and improve our representative democracy.