Saturday, August 31, 2019

A Christmas Story essay

A CHRISTMAS STORY A Christmas Story is an American comedy and family movie. The release date of the movie is 18 November 1983 in the United States of America. It’s about the child, Ralphie Parker who wanted to get a Red Ryder carbine-action 200-shot range model air rifle from Santa in the Christmas and got the respond of â€Å"You'll shoot your eye out,† from his parents. It was directed by Bob Clark. In addition, the movie is based on the novel â€Å"In God We Trust, All Others Pay Cash† which is written by Jean Shepherd.Jean Shepherd is narrator of the movie and he voiced Ralphie’s adult voice as well. In the movie there are three actors that were starring in the movie. The most prominent character is Ralphie (Peter Billingsley). I think Peter Billingsley played his role in the movie; because he seemed like the most wanted thing that he wanted was Red Ryder. Also, Peter Billingsley is a member of Hollywood so he played in many movies. Ralphie’s fa ther called The Old Man (Darren McGavin), and Ralphie’s mother (Melinda Dillon) were starring in it.In the movie, Ralphie, his brother and his friend was tortured by Scut Farkus (Zack Ward) and his friend Grover Dill (Yano Anaya). A day, Miss Shields who was the teacher of Ralphie wanted to write an essay about what they wanted to get in Christmas. Ralphie wrote an essay about Red Ryder bur he got C+ from his essay. In the one of the most important events in the movie, for unusual Ralphie’s mother wanted Ralphie to help his father to change a flat tire. While Ralphie was helping his father, he dropped screws of the tire and he said a bad word and he was punished.In the other event Scut Farkus threw a snowball to Ralphie and Ralphie beat him up instead of running away but he could not to be punished because of his mother. At the end of the movie, â€Å"I can’t say what happened at end of the movie, watch and see,† say the writer of this essay. If you want to know is that movie if worth for watching or not, this movie is shown 24-hour in the Christmas day by TBS which is a cable channel of the USA. Watch and have a good time with your family.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Size 0 Ban

Jenny’s 2nd rebuttal (: (2 minutes) Size zero In our society, image is everything. We strive for what is considered to be the â€Å"ideal appearance†. For the modern generation, fashion is uppermost. For some girls their ambition is to become â€Å"size zero†. We want or need to show we are following the latest fashion trends. However, recent news reports indicate that size zero models are so obsessed with their size that they become anorexic. Being fascinated by the fashion industry myself, it is important to explore the question: â€Å"Why should or should not size zero models be allowed to walk on the catwalk? Size zero models should not be allowed on the catwalk. They are a bad influence on teenage girls who desire to look like these size zero â€Å"role† models. Young girls who attempt a â€Å"zero† do not develop as they should. They are more likely to have severe health concerns later on in life. Also Karl Largerfield from Chanel explained t hat the fashion industry only used skinny models becasue they were literally meant to be moving mannequins/hangers so that the clothes would be seen at their minimum potential.But the media twisted things. A further argument that we frequently encounter, is that size zero puts pressure on young women who are overweight. By comparing themselves to â€Å"zeros† young women only achieve low self-esteem. They are made to think they are unattractive. They go through the stress of unsafe cosmetic surgeries such as tummy tucks, to appear like fashion icons. Celebrity nutritionist Dr Adam Carey says that, â€Å"I think the current vogue is disgusting. I think it is very unhealthy. It is also argued that many girls who are wanting to become models in the future, put themselves through a lot of anxiety to be slim, so they get accepted in the fashion industry. These girls attempt to try to be lean by starving themselves which can result in eating disorders. Some people believe that siz e zero models should not be banned because they have the same right as everyone else to become a model. However, if everyone did have the right to become a model, then the runways would be filled with a wide variety of different sized girls, not just the same tiny girls over and over again.You can't see what's horrible about only taking models who are underweight? And it's a lot different to ask for brunette models only: What about the size 5 models who want to be in this organization? They would have to lose weight, and we all know the dire consequences that can arise out of this. It's disgusting that a requirement they have is to be amongst the skinniest of the skinniest. It's quite obvious that girls are needing to become smaller and smaller for the modeling industry. Just imagine what it's gonna be like for girls in the future.

Candide Essay

Candide Essay Voltaire uses literary techniques such as satire and critique to demonstrate the cruelty and folly of humanity. He focuses on serious topics that include sexism, and reduces it to absurdity so that it is comical to the audience. Despite the fact that Voltaire constantly over- exaggerates this subject, he does not trying to reinforce them. Some might say Voltaire portrays women as objects of desire and is capitalizing on the subject but to get his point across using satire, some people will have to get offended.In Candide, Voltaire is critiquing and satirizing sexism. An example of how sexism and rape were satirized and critiqued in chapter 11 on pg 40 â€Å"I was beauty and grace itself, and I was a virgin. I was not so for long; that flower that had been reserved for the handsome Prince of Massa-Carrara was ravished from me by the pirate captain. Indeed My Lady the Princess of Palastrina and I had to be very strong to endure all we underwent until we arrived in Morocc o. But let’s get on; these things are so common that they are not worth speaking of. † Rape is a very sensitive subject.The old woman talked about the incident in a nonchalant tone and said that it was so common that it was not worth talking about. Voltaire did this to satirize what were becoming society’s â€Å"normal† views on such brutal acts. He was letting us know that rape was such a frequent thing in the time period in which he lived, that it was being viewed by society as â€Å"normal â€Å". In order to understand the book properly, it is important to recognize that Voltaire was attempting to portray the problems within society such as sexism, by using satire to help the people this era realize what they were doing was wrong.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Cellular Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cellular Process - Essay Example Another important step is plotting the slope, which is the concentration rate, against the substrate concentration. At maximum concentration of substrate, both the Vmax for the inhibited reaction and for the unhibited reaction should always be equal (Ochs, 2014, p. 56). This brought about my surprise for the observation, which indicated different Vmax for the two reactions. This issue may have arisen from the action of the inhibitor. The low Vmax for the inhibited reaction means that more inhibitor I was supplied. The presence of an inhibitor slows the rate of binding of the enzyme to substrate leading to low turnover number, which is the Kcat. From the equation below, low turnover number leads to low Vmax in comparison to the unhibited reaction (Beard & Qian, 2005, p. 88). Consequently, solving this issue will require for the reduction of competitive   inhibitor I in order to meet a turnover number equal to that of uninhibited reaction, at maximum concentration (Panesar et al, 2008, p. 78). Beard, D. A., & Qian, H. (2008). Chemical biophysics quantitative analysis of cellular systems. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. http://proxy2.hec.ca/login?url=http://library.books24x7.com/library.asp?BÌ‚&bookid=26546. Berger, M. P. F., & Wong, w.-k. (2009). An Introduction to Optimal Designs for Social and Biomedical Research. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

African American Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

African American Culture - Research Paper Example To start with, the power of the Afro-American culture lies in the fact that it has been highly significant in the way of resisting the racial oppression (this is not only a factor) in the American society and have been generating highly innovative dynamics and platform which comes from the oral tradition from which all other cultural forms have evolved. It has been found that the Afro-American oral tradition have remained as an immensely innovative and learning process for the K-12 students in the American schools. Thus with a glimpse of its significance here it requires more elaboration with a discussion of its origin, its segregated forms, its development and its implications in the society in an elucidated fashion (Hamlet, 2011, p.27). Robust nature of the oral tradition The tradition attached with that of the oral communication generally comprises of the old sayings, proverbs and various other cultural products which have been not archived or recorded. The tradition or the enigma of the oral traditions is kept intact through the help of communication through the mouth to mouth communication from one generation to other generation. The diverse forms of African American cultures and their archetypes teach the lessons about the way of living and that of life. The oral tradition can be said to be one of the fundamental mechanism for the cultural expression as well as that of survival. The oral tradition also is predominant in the maintenance of the cultural heritage and that of reflection of the collective spirit of the race.

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

The life of Peter Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The life of Peter - Research Paper Example During the life of Peter he faced accidental greetings, scenes which were divine and most importantly he faced refusal. Hence it is believed that the story of Peter in the bible is one of the greatest narrations that depict a transformation in the way of life. It has been observed that amongst all the twelve believers Jesus had during His rule on Earth, Peter is considered to be the most candid of all. Undoubtedly he was considered to be the part of the most gallant advocates of the belief. His birth was of a common man but the death was of a great apostle. It has been observed that the start of his life was very modest in origin. As mentioned earlier the original name of Peter was Simon. It was Jesus who improved his name to Peter. The name Peter has literally originated from the term Petra which means "rock". Peter was basically a fisherman from the Galilean times and is apparently the brother of Andrew. Peter and his brother are considered to have their origination from the settle ment of Bethsaida. It is said that Peter was also a follower of John (Baptist). He was married. Before he had experienced divinity was a corrupt and sinful man. The guilt of being sinful was seen at various occasions, especially when he was in the company of Jesus Christ. Peter and his brother Andrew have the honor of being the first believer. (Meyer, 35) Since the fishermen of that time were fierce, bold, fearless, hot tempered and often used abusive language all these aspects were also present in Peter. Since their job requires physical labor which had made them rough and tough. They were full of themselves and had a bossy attitude. Their life was rough and bold as they had encountered various ups and downs in life like storms and thunders which had shaped their personality. Peter before he had met Jesus was lost and did not have any goal in life. But once they found Jesus without any further thoughts they starting to believe Him and followed him. They did not question Jesus Chris t and left everything behind for the sake of being good humans and firm believers. Like I mentioned previously, peter was one of the first believers of Jesus Christ as well as he has the honor of being the spokesman of Jesus at various occasions irrespective of the good or the evil. The thing that separates Peter from any other disciple is the unique vision he possessed which was related to the image of Jesus. Jesus's title that is 'Son of the Living God – The Savior' was also given for the first time by this noble man. He was so humble and considered himself so guilty of the sins he did in his earlier life that he used to feel that he did not deserve to be in the company of such a holy man. The love Jesus had for his him and his brother made them distinct and the â€Å"fishers of men†. There were certain flaws that were associated with Peter. For instance, that the boldness Peter flaunted most of the times became wrong for him. It is said that once he scolded the God and claimed that he could even sacrifice his life for Jesus. Despite this when Jesus was arrested and trialed, Peter refused the Lord around three times. Jesus was insightful and he knew that among his disciples who is actually honest to him and who would ultimately cheat on him. Peter has the honor of witnessing many miracles associated with Jesus from his own eyes. Along with two other disciples he witnessed the Shekhinah Glory during the time of Transfiguration. This is considered to be the time when the humanity

Monday, August 26, 2019

Apple Unveils Its Offline Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Apple Unveils Its Offline Strategy - Essay Example As losses mounted Jobs was brought back as the CEO who realized that licensing Mac operating system had contracted the market by taking away the customers (Bryson et al., 2006). The strategy was changed immediately and Apple began to sell directly by phone and internet. This strategy did bring about better sales but the market was saturated and there were miscalculations on the consumer demand. Since they were performing poorly and the sales were shrinking as competition had set in, the company changed their strategy and business objectives. Having performed poorly in the traditional computer market they decided to integrate the product development strategies with the digital technologies in the consumer electronics market. Their strategy was to innovate. Based on the new direction provided under the new CEO, the company was steering towards growth and it was subsequently ranked number one as Fortune’s most admired company for innovation. Apple was no more seen â€Å"in a battle for PC market share -- instead, as the platform becoming a premium PC, capturing selective demand† (Bryson et al., 2006). The objective of the company was to position Apple products as an integrating platform for a range of household products like cameras, vide o recorders, and music players. Apple’s strategic business units now include personal computers, software, iTunes, QuickTime, iMac, and support as per the chart below: With the changed strategy, the company was operating in an environment that provided several opportunities but competition and its own damaged reputation posed threat to its existence. Nevertheless, the strengths of the company saw it through the threats. The main strengths of the company were the vision of the CEO, Steve Jobs, the iPod, and the brand loyalty.  

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Fianance enterpreship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Fianance enterpreship - Essay Example The financial manager of the company tries to strike a balance between debt and equity with the aim of maximization of firm value and minimization of cost. It has been seen that the managers are biased in favour of debt owing to the tax benefits associated with debt financing. The interest paid on borrowings is a tax deductible expense. This is the reason the managers prefer debt over equity as it reduces the outflow of the business. However, an excessive reliance on debt is not in the financial interest of the company. An ideal mix of debt and equity is essential. There are various theories on capital structure such as pecking order theory, signalling theory, agency theory, trade-off theory, signalling theory etc. As per the pecking order theory the firm should rely mainly on the internal means of financing like retained earnings. This theory gives credence to retained earnings over the issue of equity. In the event of additional funds requirement the debt mode of funding is preferr ed. The equity issue is used only as a last resort. The main reason for the preference of debt over equity is the lower information costs associated with this mode of funding (Zhao, et al., 2004). The static trade off theory states that the firms try to strike a balance between the benefits associated with interest tax shield and the probability of bankruptcy and failure. The firms with strong cash flows can afford to have high levels of debt as they are assured of fixed future cash flows. But the small sized firms or nascent business firms with limited free cash flows must not use high levels of debt in their capital base. As per the agency theory the managers handle the affairs of the company on the behalf of the company shareholders. This gives rise to agency problems. As the reins of management of the company passes onto the managers and does not remain in the hands of its ‘actual’ owners it gives rise to conflict of interest. It is said that there is a misalignment of the objectives. The managers of the company are accused of investing in risky or unprofitable business ventures instead of passing on the surplus cash flows to the owners (Boodhoo, 2009). On the other hand there is also a view that the shareholders intervene in the smooth functioning of the business which often forces the company to forego lucrative business opportunities. The signalling theory of capital structure suggests that the issue of equity is based on the prevailing market conditions. Suppose the management of the company is of the view that the shares of the company are overpriced then it can resort to the issue of equity. This will help the company in raising higher proceeds from the issue of equity. On the other hand if the managers of the company are of the view that the market has failed to price the shares of the company correctly then it can opt for the debt mode of financing. If the shares of the company are underpriced then it is not feasible to issue equity as this would mean lesser proceeds. It will not just limit the amount of funds raised but will also lead to unnecessary dilution of ownership which is not in the interest of the company from the long term perspective. The financing decisions of a company are influenced by the above theories and views. However the financial managers in a company are biased towards issue of debt owing to the inherent benefits of debt issue. The

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Reaction Paper to McFerson's African Women Essay

Reaction Paper to McFerson's African Women - Essay Example These women are the nomad community’s architects. They construct and are the owners of the nomadic houses. The construction of these houses is a form of wedding ritual and is one of the events women perform collectively. In some areas, women in Somalia work collectively to fetch water, collect firewood, make food and take care of the children. Pre-nuptial gifts are from the groom’s family or himself to the girl she wants to marry or bride. In a number of cases, pre-nuptial gifts together with dowry are given by the husband as a fraction of the total wealth for the new household (McFerson 443). The nature of the pre-nuptial gifts depends on the events that occur in the marriage union, for example, if the marriage union collapses without the wife’s fault or if the head of the household dies, the pre-nuptial gift is used to support the wife. Similarly, in Western cultures, there are a number of gifts that bypass amid the groom and bride and their respective relatives during marriage. There are rules that regard the nature of these in the occasion of divorce or death, and they vary with area or time (McFerson 444). The traditional Ashanti society has a high regard for ancestors, ancestor worship and matriliny. They use ancestors as an element of worship. The ancestors are perceived to be superior and powerful to human beings. Additionally, they honor and acknowledge the presence of the ancestors (McFerson 446). The poem presume the dead or ancestors are immortal and appear in the form of wailing children, the firebrands, the grass, dying fire, whimpering rocks, forest, and in the house. This community feels the presence of the ancestors. That is why the poem insists the dead are not dead. The poem highlights matriliny in the form of inheritance. That is why ancestors or the dead are in the form of wailing

Friday, August 23, 2019

Food security in Ghana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Food security in Ghana - Essay Example Government responses to these challenges will also be discussed whereby it will be concluded that a lot of efforts are to be made if food security in Ghana is to be achieved. In general, the purpose of this essay is to discuss global food crises using Ghana as a case study Introduction Food security can be defined as the availability of sustainable food supply accessible to all citizens regardless of their social or economic backgrounds. Unfortunately, it has been observed that a significant number of people worldwide have continued to face food shortages with reports indicating that more than 850 million people are suffering from extreme hunger, which to a greater extent, has been blamed on poverty. It is sad to note that children are the most vulnerable and according to world statistics, more than six million of them are losing their lives every year, translating to approximately 17000 deaths per day (Shaw, 2010). To some extent, food insecurity in the world has been brought about by urbanization whereby people have neglected subsistence farming in rural areas in favor of white collar and technical jobs available in urban areas. It is estimated that 50% of world’s population are currently residing in urban areas, with youths and able bodied men and women leaving the weak and the aged population in the rural areas to participate in food production. This coupled with the rising costs of production especially due to increased fuel prices have contributed significantly in the cost of acquiring food stuff. For example, global wheat prices rose by 56% in September 2010 while the general food price index rose by 17% in the same year (Shaw, 2010). This has forced the management of the Global Food Crisis Response Program to extend its mandate to June 2011, hoping that the situation will have stabilized by then. This essay is a critical evaluation of food security in Ghana. Food Security in Ghana As earlier mentioned, food insecurity is a phenomenon that is cont inuing to pose a challenge for majority of citizens around the world, especially in the underdeveloped as well as the developing countries. A country such as Ghana for example has been facing insufficient food supplies mostly due to the fact that food production is highly based on availability of sufficient rainfall. This has made it a common problem to find that food is produced in large quantities during the rainy season but shortages persist during the dry season especially in the northern part of the country, which suffers drought mostly in the season between the months of February and July (IFAD, n.d). In this context, it has been observed that cultivating grains such as wheat and maize among others, which take a long time to mature, is not viable to the poor farmers and this has necessitated huge importation of grains to sustain their demand. For example, the government imported rice worth $100 million in 2010, with cereal imports supplementing food requirement by 4.7% (Bruce, 2010). However, it has also been observed that communities which are favored with sufficient rainfall to guarantee food production are not assisting much to alleviate the problem. This is due to the fact that the government has failed to invest in storage facilities which, coupled with poverty, force rural farmers to sell their produce immediately after harvesting so as to supplement their financial needs as well as to prevent their food

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Political Science Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Political Science - Assignment Example The US foreign policy towards the Middle East was affected such that some of the countries involved in the Arab spring had their relation with the US tightened while others received the freezing of funds offered by the superpower (Ahmari, 2012). For instance, Libya received an arms embargo due to the continued fight by the Libyan air force against the protestants. On the other hand in the case of Egypt, the US praised the leaders for the transition from authoritarian to democratic government. According to Ahmari, the Arab spring brought about positive changes, thus building better relationships between the involved states and their neighbors. Ahmari defines the Arab Liberalism as the required change in the ruling system but is in crisis both culturally and morally. He views it as a threat to the freedom of future in Middle East (Ahmari, 2012). Ahmari feels that the Arab Liberalism is falling since it lacks an ideological plan like that present in Marshall Plan. I agree with Ahmari’s feeling that the Middle East requires a plan to follow in order to restore peace in the region. Lastly, it requires a role model in keeping up with democracy and maintaining peace with Israel as well as the whole of Western states. Arab Spring was meant to liberate citizens in the involved states from the oppressive leadership that dominated in the Middle East

Associate versus baccalaureate degree in nursing Essay Example for Free

Associate versus baccalaureate degree in nursing Essay According to the JAMA Network, registered nurses in the United States are able to receive their basic education in a ADN and BSN program in colleges and universities Although there are a variety of educational programs preparing RNs, some studies have suggested that baccalaureate-prepared nurses are more likely to demonstrate professional behaviors important to patient safety such as problem solving, performance of complex functions, and effective communication. (Educational Levels, n. d) A large number of situations have been reported in the research studies reviewed. No major differences are noted between the cognitive abilities of students in baccalaureate and associate degree programs. (Davis-Martin, 1990, p. 2) Associate degree nurses are able to perform well in technical roles for which they have been prepared, as well as in some leadership roles for which they were not originally prepared. I am a prime example of that associate degree nurse who has been performing in leadership roles over the years this is due to on the job training and attending management courses. Baccalaureate nursing practice incorporates the roles of assessing, critical thinking, communicating, providing care, teaching, and leading. (, 2) As a result of the many changes in health care along with the changing needs of patients, it is necessary for nurses to advance to higher levels of education. Having many years of experience seems to not carry as much value as does the level of education in the nursing world. When I graduated almost 34 years ago from nursing school, the positions held by ADN nurses were more of a charge nurse role. Most of the management positions were held by BSN nurses. As health care systems throughout the world are changing, studies have shown that â€Å"quality patient care hinges on having a well educated nursing workforce; lower mortality rates, (Ed. ). (). The AACN Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice (Ed. ). : . []. http://dx. doi. org/. Retrieved from Davis-Martin, S. (1990, Jan 1990). Pub Med NLN Pub [Abstract]. NLN Publ, 15-2339: 109-45. http://dx. doi. org/ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/2406700 Rosseter, R. J. (n. d). Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce [Fact Sheet]. Retrieved from American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Educational levels of Hospital Nurses. (n. d). JAMA Network. http://dx. doi. org/jama. jamanetwork. comnurse after a quick assessment of the situation made appropriate arrangements for a meal ticket for the family member along with a free parking pass. As a result of the advanced educational knowledge received in her BSN course of study the charge nurse was able to incorporate critical thinking skills, prompt and adequate treatment  of the human response, communication skills along with an holistic approach to health care she was able to minimize a negative outcome for the patient and family member hence solved a situation that could have had far reaching effects. As a result of having a BSN I will be provided with more of an in-depth study in all areas of physical science, research, ethical decision making, leadership, accountability, critical thinking and effective communication. Having the education and knowledge nurses will be able to see the entire picture thus enhancing performance. The BSN nurse is well prepared to meet the demands of today’s ever changing health care systems throughout the world. fewer medication errors, and positive outcomes are all linked to nurses prepared at the baccalaureate and graduate degree levels†. (Rosseter, Para 1). Medical facilities that are applying for their Magnet status are encouraging their ADN nurses to obtain a BSN degree, and are no longer hiring ADN nurses. Prime example my hospital just this month completed our Magnet journey and received qualification status. Due to the increase in online RN to BSN programs,  many nurses fifty years and older are returning to school. I happen to be one of them. There area few situations involving the difference in competency between BSN nurse versus an ADN nurse that I have witnessed. One situation a patient was scheduled for a colonoscopy and was told to arrive at 8:00 am for a 9:00 am procedure. The patient was also given an order from the physician’s office to have labs drawn after her procedure so that upon her next office visit the following week the results will be available. The patient realized at 8:45  am she was not called to the pre- op area. An ADN nurse was in the process of escorting another patient to the discharge area and was confronted by the patient and family who at this point were very angry. The nurse stated â€Å"I have no control of the physician he is always late and besides we are very busy and short staffed today† The BSN nurse who was in charge that day, apologized for the delay of the physician who had an emergency in the outpatient GI clinic and for staff not keeping her and family member informed of the delay. She also went on to ask if the physicians  office had requested anything for her to have while on her visit today, since she lived five hours away and had an office appointment next week. The patient replied â€Å"I have some lab work that he wants me to have before coming to see him next week†. The charge nurse (BSN) called the lab made arrangements and had the patient escorted to the lab in a wheelchair to have labs drawn. Upon her return after being pre-op-ed her physician arrived in 15minutes. During the assessment of the patient it was discovered that the family member was a diabetic.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Transformation And Growth In The Uk Commerce Essay

Transformation And Growth In The Uk Commerce Essay The emergence of Santander into the UK market with the acquisition of Abbey represents a big move across Europe in the banking industry. This report aims to evaluate the effect of the move across border while analysing various strategy and tools which were used in the process. This report shows the structure and dynamics of the industry in which Santander competes and the effect it has on the industry. It also analyses the industry in which Santander competes in using the Positioning school, Resource Based View and analytical tools such as the five forces framework, PEST, VRIN and Porters generic strategy to analysing the transformation and growth of Santander in the UK since its acquisition of Abbey in 2004. Introduction to strategy Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over a long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and competences with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations (Gerry Johnson, Kevan Scholes and Richard Whittington, 2008). They also explained that the word strategy is associated with different issues, one of which is the strategic fit with the business environment. Here, organisations need appropriate positioning in their environment i.e. the product or service should meet clearly identified market needs. While the Resource-Based View of strategy is about exploiting the strategic capability of an organisation, in terms of its resources and competences, to provide competitive advantage and/or yield new opportunities. Mintzbergs (1987) view of strategy as a Plan, Ploy, Pattern, Position and Perspective covers the various ways which strategy is defined. He stated that strategy is a plan used to carry out an objective. It is a unified, comprehensive, and integrated plan designed to ensure that the basic objectives of the enterprise are achieved (Glueck, 1980:9). As a plan, a strategy can be a ploy; too, really just a specific manoeuvre intended to outwit an opponent or competitor. Strategy is a pattern- specifically, a pattern in a stream of actions. It is a position; a means of locating an organization in what theorists like to call an environment. It is also a perspective, its content consisting not just of a chosen position, but of an ingrained way of perceiving the world. Santander, the Spanish financial heavyweight in retail banking acquired Abbey, the British mortgage lender in late 2004. After stabilizing Abbey in 2005, it developed a three (3) year ambitious plan with the purpose of maintaining the performance of products with already high significant market value and share position, increasing its presence in other banking segments such as consumer finance, insurance and SME and Commercial lending in order to transform the institution into a full-service retail bank with a wide range of product and service offerings. Santander initially embarked on its strategy largely by exploiting its internal resources through Integration of human resources, introduction of its Technology, revenue growth and efficiency, maintaining a prudent approach to risk management. Industry and Market in which Santander competes The industry consists of a group of firms producing products or services that are essentially the same (Gerry Johnson, Richard Whittington and Kevan Scholes, Exploring Strategy, 2011). Santander competes in banking industry where it faces stiff competition from other major players in the industry like Barclays, Lloyds TSB, HSBC, HBOS and Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) otherwise known as the big 5 and its major line of business is the retail banking which accounts for over half of its net income. Its core market in the UK is centred on Mortgages, Savings and protection while it also competes in Brazil and other parts of Europe including Portugal where it is recognized as the fourth largest retail bank with a customer base of 1.7 million, 670 branches, 6000 employees, a mortgage market share of 16% and over 18% in mutual funds. Structure and dynamics of the market in which Santander competes As explained by (Porter 1985), the strength of each of the five competitive forces is a function of industry structure, or the underlying economic and technical characteristics of an industry (Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance by Michael Porter, 1985). To analyse the structure and dynamics of the market in which Santander operates, it is imperative to understand the major factors which affect the Industry in general which in this case includes other major banks, their products and services, structure and also their strengths and weaknesses as this forms the competitive forces in the market 4.1 The threat of entry These are the barriers that need to be overcome by new entrants if they are to compete successfully (Gerry Johnson, Kevan Scholes and Richard Whittington, 2008). Entry barrier for competing in this area is high because it is a capital intensive industry. Achieving economies of scale is a factor for competing in the banking industry as it would require new entrants to compete on the same level of the other major players in the industry if they are to survive. As seen from the case, Santander was able to gain entrance with a  £9 billion acquisition of Abbey in 2004 which was at the time, Europes biggest cross-border banking deal and it already had experience in European retail banking which at the time, accounted for over half of its net income before the acquisition of Abbey. As it is a highly contested market for customer base, the level of difficulty in entry is quite high because the market is already controlled by the major banks with strong brands like Barclays, LTSB, HSBC, HBOS and Royal Bank of Scotland and It would be quite difficult for beginners to convince customers to move from these already known and established brands. Santander was able to gain entrance into the market through the acquisition of Abbey which already had a strong customer base of 18 million and a well-known brand name. It also had a competitive edge. Santander introduced Partenon, its successful core banking platform and this technology enabled Santander to perform a seamless integration, launch new products with minimal lead time. Entry barrier into the corporate and SME sector is also high. Although Abbey achieved significant growth in that area, it was still largely controlled by the Big 5 banks. Abbeys plan to successfully enter and compete in that segment will be dependent on the introduction of its Partenon system. 4.2. Bargaining power of Supplier The bargaining power of suppliers is high. The Big 5 banks (Barclays, HSBC, LTSB, RBS HBOS) control almost the same amount of share in some areas like the Credit Card Market and SME Banking and offer similar services. A supplier group is powerful where it is dominated by a few companies and is more concentrated than the industry it sells to (Porter 1980). 4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers Buyers compete with the industry by forcing competition on prices, bargaining for higher quality or more services, and playing competition against each other- all at the expense of industry profitability (Porter 1980). With this being a highly competitive market, the bargaining power of buyers is also high and there is competition on price. 4.4 Threat of Substitutes According to Porter 1980, the threat of substitute is high if it offers an attractive price performance trade-off to the industrys product. In this area, the threat of substitutes is quite low. 4.5 Rivalry among existing competitors The rivalry among existing competitors is high especially among the Big 5 banks and this reflects in the close similarity in their market shares. As mention by Porter (1980), the intensity of rivalry is greatest if competitors are numerous or are roughly equal in size and power. Critical success factors for competing in the industry Critical success factors (CSF) are those factors that are particularly valued by a group of customers and, therefore, where the organisation must excel to outperform competition (Gerry Johnson, Kevan Scholes and Richard Whittington, 2008). To compete in its market, its new CEO Francisco Gomez- Roldan presented a three year ambitious plan for achieving success which was tagged The Three Year Plan: A Blueprint for success and this was a key factor to be implemented for them to compete in the financial market with the other major banks. This new plan was put in place in order to achieve the Groups vision of becoming the best retail bank in the UK. To begin with, the plan was aimed at maintaining the performance of products like mortgages which already had a high market share position and increase its revenue in other banking segments such as finance, insurance, SME and commercial lending so as to transform the institution into a full service retail bank with a wide range of products. The plan focused on increasing its revenue, efficiency and maintaining a prudent approach to risk management. To achieve this, it further grouped its operation into three main divisions and this was centred on Retail, Insurance and Asset Mana gement (IAM) and Abbey Financial Market (AFM). In the retail section, its target to achieve 75% in revenue and 70% of pre-tax profit would be through increased sales, customer and savings retention, cross sales and exploitation of new growth opportunities. The Insurance and asset management (IAM) section was to contribute 13% of its revenue before tax through its back book management. With a new regulation which allowed an individual considerable freedom in their pension contributions been put in place and becoming effective as of 6 April 2006 in the UK, it was envisaged that there would be increased demand for pension related products and advisory services and would lead to new opportunities for investment across sales. To key-in and compete in this section, Abbey will do so by developing its intermediary and end-customer focused retention programmes, introduce new stake-holder-focused communication strategies and remediation projects in order to reduce risks. Another area which would contribute 10% of Abbeys revenue and 17% of profit after tax is its financial market (AFM) and this was to be achieved by increasing its product range, customer base and transaction flow. In addition to the above, rebuilding Abbeys sales capabilities in mortgages, savings and protection, increasing its presence in bank accounts, unsecured personal loans (UPL), investment and pensions through the implementation of retention and incentive schemes proposed to target higher-value segments, developing a sustainable strategy for its online business Cahoot, increasing its telephone sales capabilities and also creating new branch sales system with sophisticated pricing by customer segment and increased focus on existing clients and cross sales for the unsecured personal loan segment will play a major role in competing successfully in its market. Its resources, competences, capabilities and how Santander differentiates itself from competitors Resources are the assets that an organisation have or can call upon and competences are the ways those assets are used or deployed effectively (Gerry Johnson, Richard Whittington and Kevan Scholes, 2011) while capabilities refers to the ability to integrate, build, and configure internal and external competences to address rapidly changing environments. Thus, it reflect an organisations ability to achieve new and innovative form of competitive advantage given path dependencies and market positions (Leonard-Barton, 1992) Santanders competence and capability in retail banking in Spain which accounts for half of its income is a strong advantage for them in terms of competing in the UK. They have an experienced and brilliant CEO in Antonio Horta-Osorio, who succeeded Francisco Gomez- Roldan after he passed away. His vision of making Santander the best commercial bank in the UK by focusing on efficiency, service quality, customer loyalty, teamwork and meritocracy showed his importance as a strong force which reflected on the growth of Santander since its entrance into the UK. Another great resource which Santander holds is its technology. The introduction of Partenon, its biggest technological asset which helped in the seamless integration and enabled them launch new products with minimal lead time. Their ability to outsource processes to Spain, Portugal and Poland in other to reduce the cost-to-income ratio while still maintaining physical interface with customers. With this resource, they were able to achieve economies of scale and offer reasonably priced products and services which meant higher income and increased customer loyalty. The proper utilisation of these human and technological resources by its management team led Abbey to win the Euromoney award for best Bank in the UK in mid-2008. Its sources of competitive advantage Competitive advantage is how an SBU (Strategic business unit) creates value for its users both greater than the cost of supplying them and superior to that of rival SBUs (Gerry Johnson, Richard Whittington and Kevan Scholes, 2011). It is further explained that to have an advantage, they must be able to create greater value than competitors because in the absence of a competitive advantage, the SBU is always vulnerable to attack by competitors. Barneys (1991) VRIN framework is also used to determine if a resource is a source of sustainable competitive advantage. To serve as a basis for sustainable competitive advantage, resources must be valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable (fig 2). Competitive advantage is realised based on three factors (Sudarshan D, 1995): (1) the firms marketing strategy, (2) implementation of this strategy and (3) the industry context which refers to Porters generic strategy. Previous study by Porter (1980) introduces generic competitive strategies for gaining competitive advantage as: Overall cost leadership Differentiation Focus The differentiation strategy is one of differentiating the product or service offering of a firm, creating something that is perceived industrywide as being unique (fig 1). Santanders main source of competitive advantage which is unique is its IT Partenon banking platform. They differentiated themselves and gained a competitive advantage over its competitors through the use of Partenon. With this advanced business mode of operation, they were able to operate from their German and Italian centre through their data centre in Madrid, gain the trust of their customers, introduce a more secure way of doing business and offer a higher quality of service compared to its major competitors. In addition, it gave them a first mover advantage meaning they were able to eliminate duplicated processes, reduce the cost per transaction, and release new products into the market with minimal lead time before their competitors. Santander also gained competitive advantage by being the cost leader. According to Porter (1980), Cost leadership requires aggressive construction of efficient-scale facilities, vigorous pursuit of cost reductions from experience, tight cost and overhead control, avoidance of marginal customer accounts, and cost minimization in areas like RD, service, sales force, advertising, and so on. With Santanders experienced management team coupled with their experience in retail banking, they were able to introduce best practices into the UK market at low cost and with an advantage in inputs in terms of its Partenon system, they were able to cut cost in operations while providing quality services for their customers. The major Macro/Micro environmental strategic marketing issues facing Santander, its view as an opportunity or threat, time frame for which each issue will be most relevant and the level of priority to be assigned to them The Macro/Micro environment consist of broad environmental factors that impact to a greater or lesser extent on almost all organisation and the PEST framework identifies how future trends in political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal environments might impinge on organisations (Gerry Johnson, Kevan Scholes and Richard Whittington, 2008). The analysis below shows the various environmental marketing issues faced by Santander. 8.1 Political issues The new regulation in the UK which became effective as of 6th April, 2006 A Day afforded individuals considerable freedom in their contributions to the pension schemes and other investment assets. This development is an opportunity for Abbey as it will bring about an increase in demand in the pension schemes and investment area through new product and advisory services offering. 8.2 Economic issues The British market for motor finance which was still fragmented with the three leading providers holding a combined market share of 30% presents an opportunity for Santander to increase its activities in consumer finance in the UK as it is a leading car finance provider in Continental Europe, its expertise, product range and economies of scale coupled with a joint with a joint venture with Abbey would develop the British market. With the general business climate in the UK housing market slowing down, the mortgage lending and market share faced a downward slide and this represents a threat to Santanders 10% market share in mortgages. Its counter-intuitive decision to cut down its market share from 10% to 6% prior to the downward change in the area due to its cautious and prudent approach to business was a timely and good decision made by Santander. A repeat of economic recession which happened in the past could be a threat to Santander. 8.3 Sociological issues Cultural differences With the acquisition of Abbey and entrance into the British market without prior operations in the UK market, Santander could face a brick wall at the initial stages of it operation in the UK because of the differences in national culture and business organisational culture. It is assumed that with the introduction of experienced management running the operations, and with the gradual introduction of its other resources, the effect of change can be cushioned. At the time of its acquisition, it was noted that Abbey had a total of 18 million customers, a strong brand which was built over time, but had weaknesses in customer relationship, poor sales productivity and sales culture. This was a weakness for Abbey because customer relationship and loyalty is a key factor for success in the industry. In other words, they were poor in customer orientation. This issue should be apportioned top priority considering that Santander had just gained entrance into the UK market by acquiring Abbey. Further operation under those poor customer relationship circumstances would most likely lead to loss in customer base and have a negative effect on Santanders total income. 8.4 Technological issues Technology enhancement through Partenon remains one of Santanders marketing assets which have helped to further strengthen the growth of the company since its introduction into Abbeys operations. The timely introduction of Partenon afforded Santander an opportunity to reduce cost of operation and allowed them release new products into the market in lesser time. The introduction of Partenon could be a challenge and an opportunity for Abbey. As it was a new system introduced, it required a lot of time and training before it could be fully implemented but proper training and gradual implementation, it turned into a major source of competitive advantage for Santander. The domination of the credit card section by the big clearing banks such as Barclays (16%), LTSB (11), RBS (16), HSBC (14), RBOS (6), and MBNA (9%) meant Abbey had little or no control in the market and this was as a result of its lack of experience in the area. Its plan to build a new credit business by target its existing customer base and prospects in the UK through strong product offerings will be a welcome development for Santander. However, this will be more relevant in the future after Santander must have cemented its position in the market along with the big banks. To what extent can Santanders strategy be described as being marketing oriented, what other strategic orientations could be considered A firm characterised as market oriented might have: developed an appreciation that understanding present and potential customer needs is fundamental to providing superior customer value; encouraged systematic gathering and sharing of information regarding present and potential customers and competitors as well as other related constituencies; and installed the sine qua non of an integrated, organisation-wide priority to respond to changing customer needs and competitor activities in order to exploit opportunities and circumvent threats (Hunt and Morgan, 1995; Kohli and Jaworski, 190; Narver and Slater, 1990). Considering Santanders plan to build selected products areas on a stand- alone basis, both organically and by acquisitions for its Corporate and SME segment, it can be said that it is quite market oriented. It can also be argued that Santander is not very market oriented because they mainly act and operate using their internal capabilities such as human, financial and technological resources to gain market presence and share without regarding the needs and wants of the customers. For instance, it acquired Abbey for its large customer base and geographical location and figured they could offer their services by mode of operation and technology (Partenon) to gain more customers and market shares even though they had no prior experience in the UK market. Other strategic orientation that could be considered Santander should consider a more aggressive oriented approach to compete in the market as against its prudent approach which it is currently known for. As explained by (Clark and Montgomery, 1996; Fombrum and Ginsberg, 1990), aggressiveness captures the facet of a firms strategic orientation that, in comparison with its competitors, rapidly deploys resources to improve market position. High concentration on RD in other to identify new services or products with high demand in other to create a first mover advantage while improving on its IT platform which remains one of its major sources of competitive advantage. Strategy evaluation methods utilised The strategy evaluation method utilised in section I II was from the position school and the Resource Based perspective of strategy and the Porters five forces theory as they relate to the way in which Santander operate in the UK market and the forces which affect the market in general. Similarities and differences of the different schools in analysing Santander Findings show similarities and differences in the position school and RBV. While the RBV refer to the internal capabilities, some of which are intangible and mostly unique assets of an organisation which they apply to gain competitive advantage, the positioning school revolves around competing with unique resources based on the analysed competitive forces of the industry. As explained with Porters three generic strategies which are; cost leadership, differentiation, and focus strategy (fig 1), organisations compete using rare resources to position themselves in a profitable environment thereby gaining competitive advantage. Both of these strategies seek to exploit the organisations capabilities in other to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Appropriate strategy approach With this case and having applied both the positioning and resource-based view strategy, both strategies seem to work for Santander as they both revolve around capitalising on capabilities either by fitting into places of advantage revealed in the external environment by the five forces or by using internal capabilities or organisational resources/capabilities to create competitive advantage. In strategizing, whichever fits an organisation and allows it operate successfully should be used. Other issues that would minimise the likelihood of implementing the option and ways of overcoming these challenges As most organisations compete using their source of competitive advantage by applying it through positioning or RBV strategy, an issue that could minimise the likelihood of implement the options is the thought of a rare resource becoming available to competitors, this might cause it to lose its competitive edge over it competitors. To overcome this change, continuous development and innovation is necessary for an organisation for it to continue to stay relevant and compete over time. Recommendation Santander has shown strong desire to compete and become one of the best banks in the UK since its entrance. However, for it to continue in its growth, high concentration on market orientation is very important in other to increase business performance across all areas of its operation. Also, continuous development of its product range should be put into consideration while it continues further development on its technology system as this has shown to be one of its driving forces in competing with the other major banks.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Physical Demands In Handball Physical Education Essay

Physical Demands In Handball Physical Education Essay Indian physical education has covered a long distance from ancient to modern period, during this period it has faced so many problems.1 In ancient time Indian games and sports were very much concerned about the development of the physique and for the art of offence and defense. The games were also considered for the kind of recreation, which played a vital role in the development of a mans personality. Games and sports, music, fishing, boating, singing dancing and water sports, had played important role in the life of human being.2 Physical Demands in Handball Handball is an Olympic sport played professionally in many countries. In spite of professionalization, this game need to scientific information to increased handball players performance. This can be due to many reasons, one of them is that most of the research which has been conducted in this field has been published in Eastern European countries and is not readily accessible to the sport science community. Another reason can be attributed to the conservative approach of most coaches towards physical conditioning for handball players. Modem handball is a fast game, characterized by incredible athletic performances by athletes. In fact, modern handball players are able to perform many different moves like jumping, running, change of directions and technical movements in very short time and with an order determined by the tactical situation. Players run with and without the ball, in line and with different paths, jumping, throwing, passing and receiving in motion or during flight represent the technical characteristics of a modem top handball player. Then, to excel at the highest levels, it is important that training methodologies are developed on simple basis specificity. The closer to the demands of the performance, the better the training is. To obey to the law of specificity we have to know exactly what are the physiological demands of handball performance. Research in Handball Handball matches have duration of 60 minutes divided in two halves lasting 30 minutes each. During this time players cover a total distance ranging from 2000 to 6000 meters, based upon different situations position on the field, tactical defensive and offensive characteristics of the team and characteristics of the game itself and so far and so forth. In a work presented by Cuesta (1988) handball players of the Spanish national team have shown to cover the following distances based upon playing position Left wing-3557 meters, Right wing-4083 meters, Left back-3464 meters, Right back-2857 meters, Pivot player- 3531 meters. The above-mentioned distances are close to the ones recorded in Konzak Schake (in Cuesta, 1988) related to DDR players. In a study conducted in Italy with a specific apparatus Play Controller, (Phromos, Perugia) 5000 meters were covered by a right wing during an official match of the Italian Second league. It is important to affirm the total displacement of players on the field is affected by many different parameters. Tactical disposition, position on the field, characteristics of the match itself, are all factors which in some way can affect the amount of space covered by the players on the field. However, what is important to say is that handball players cover the total distance alternating high-intensity actions (sprinting, fast direction changes, jumping) with game phases characterized by relatively low metabolic demands due to the low intensity of the actions. It can be said then that the metabolic demands of modern handball involve the aerobic and anaerobic energy pathways. As a supportive evidence, Konzak and Schacke (in Cuesta, 1988), have shown that, during a Handball match, players perform 190 rhythm variations, 279 change of direction and 16 jumps. Then, based upon what these authors say, a handball player performs a total 485 high-intensity movements in 60 minutes and aver age of 8 per minute, above results show that handball players require lot of physical capacity during match situation. Necessity of Assessment in Handball Team handball is a complex sport, which requires players to have well developed aerobic and anaerobic capacities Motor ability such as a sprinting, jumping, flexibility and throwing velocity represent physical activities are considered as important aspects of the game and contribute to the high performance of the team. Successful performance requires explosive power of the leg and arms, sprinting velocity and kinaesthetic feeling in ball control. On the other hand in a modern time handball players model specific anthropometric characteristics play a supportive role in helping better performance of athletes under the actual competitive condition. Specifically, body, height, body mass, palm span and palm length are important in improving athletes performance and are considered as basic criterion for athletes selection in various playing position. Specific skills also considered as the fundamental and important aspects of the game. First consideration in the training programme in handba ll must be given to skill.3 AAHPER, one of the well known institute regarding health, physical education and recreation in America also made survey about skill test and norms. Skill test and norms always help the players to evaluate their performance in the game and to provide an impetus to improvements. Need of evaluation of Handball players.4 Need of evaluation of Handball Players As compare to other games handball is most popular and fastest game in the world. It needs good physical structure, physical fitness and skill. For handball game it is quite difficult to evaluate the player because coach, selection committee, physical education teachers have to consider the above aspects. Evaluation of the players is the important process for teaching and coaching, through evaluation, a coach, selection committee members, physical educator and players know the draw backs of their games. At the time of evaluation coach advice players to improve the draw backs in their games. Hence, the coach, selection committee member and players must be aware of some evaluation techniques, which enable him to measure the fitness and skill objectively and classify them initially as well as by measuring the progress made by them. Handball players require good physical fitness, good body structure and good fundamental skill of handball for top performance in handball.5 Evaluation of sportsman is a must to identify their area of weaknesses and designed training model for improving specific athlete deficiencies. It also helps to follow the athlete improvement during training and game session. There are various tests for physical activities and games which help to measure the playing abilities of the players in different games. The test helps the players to evaluate their performance, predict future performance, indicate weakness, place the athlete in appropriate training programme or training group, motivate the athlete and to provide an incentive for improvement. The tests also help the trainers, coaches, selection committee to measure players performance and to evaluate their own coaching procedure and programme. These, tests should be used For the selection process, but unfortunately at the time of selection, selection committee only consider performance of the player on the basis of single game situation as a selection criterion. Unavailability of proper norms for selection of senior handball players in Maharashtra and in India is one of the main the reason of it. So the researcher has decided to conduct the study entitled Reforms in the Norms of Selection procedure for Maharashtra State Senior Level Male Players in Handball Game 1.1. History of Handball Ancient History Game including the hand and a ball looks back on a unbelievably long tradition. Even if the rules and the way of playing were hardly in line with todays handball, the Urania game played by the Greek which had already been mentioned in Homers Odyssey or Harpaston played by the Romans described by Claudius Galenus (AD 110 200) among others may definitely be characterized as prototype of todays handball. Such precursors also existed in todays Central Europe. Minnesingers Walther von der Vogelweide (1170 1230) sang about a, catch ball game, whereas in the 16th century, the Frank Rabelais described a kind of game in which the hands were used for playing the ball. Another game similar to handball was played by Greenlands Intuits at the end of the 18th century. The actual beginnings of the game of handball didnt develop until the end of the 19th century. A corresponding game was held in Nyborg (Denmark) in 1897. From that point on, fixed rules for ball games played between teams emerged . Games such as Treibball played against or over a border (Grenzball or Raffball, Konigsberger Ball) were well-known. Moreover, there were games towards baskets or against nets (German netball, nevjall. Turmball ), and later on games towards goals without ball control. Players were not allowed to run with the ball and to hold it longer than three seconds (Handball 1906 in Sweden, Neuer Raffball, Torball). Further development included games towards goals with ball control. In this case, players were allowed to run three steps with the ball or to hold it for three seconds. A kind of game from the Czech Republic was called Hazena, a form of field handball which already included the division of the playing field into three parts characterizing field handball. However, countries such as Denmark, Germany and Sweden are considered as the real handball pioneers of modern times.6 Modern Development Field handball was pushed by German gymnastics teacher so that, alongside handball, it became popular as an alternative to football, especially for women. In 1917, Max Heiser formulated the first official handball rules for women. Two years later, Karl Schelenz added the rules for the men. In the 20s, handball became a national sport. On the occasion of a meeting in The Hague (Netherlands) in 1926, the Congress of the International Amateur Athletics Federation appointed a commission for the elaboration of international playing rules for field handball. In 1928, the International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF) was founded in Amsterdam on the occasion of the IX Olympic Games. One of the foundation members was Avery Brundage (USA) who later became IOC President in 1933; handball was included in the Olympic Programme. At the XI Olympic Games in Berlin, host Germany won the final and therefore the gold medal in the pouring rain in front of an audience of 100.000 people, beating Austria 10:6. One year after the end of World War II, representatives of eight nations met in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, and launched the International Handball Federation (IHF). It is considered founded on 11 July 1946. The nations; involved in the foundation are Denmark, Finland, France, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden and Swi tzerland. In 1960, the last Womens Outdoor World Championship was played whereas the last Mens Outdoor World Championship took place in 1996. At the XXXII Congress in Cairo, which has been the last official one so far, 167 member federations were counted. By now, handball is being played in 183 countries and the number of teams amounts to approximately 800,000. 1.2. History of Asian Handball Federation The march of the Asian Handball Federation had began when the Martyr Shaikh Fahad Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah head of the Kuwaiti delegation to the seventh Asian games, Tehran Iran 1974, presented a motion to the Executive Committee of the Asian Gamess requesting recognition of the handball game and also formation of the Asian Handball Federation. Consequently, in 1976, Handball Federations from all over Asia were invited to attend the establishment meeting during which representatives from fourteen Asian countries. Since its establishment in year 1974, AHF activities have been progressively expanding as its strategy has been focused on development and expansion of the handball game in the Asian continent. AHF members have been also actively involved in the remarkable achievements throughout the way.7 Table 1.1 Result of Asian Handball Championship Sr. No Year Host Country Gold Silver Bronze 1 1977 Kuwait Japan Korea China 2 1979 China Japan China Kuwait 3 1983 Korea Korea Japan Kuwait 4 1987 Jordan Korea Japan Kuwait 5 1989 China Korea Japan Kuwait 6 1991 Japan Korea Japan China 7 1993 Bahrain Korea Kuwait Japan 8 1995 Kuwait Kuwait Korea Bahrain 9 2000 Japan Korea China Japan 10 2002 Iran Kuwait Qatar Saudi- Arabia 11 2004 Qatar Kuwait Japan Qatar 12 2006 Thailand Kuwait Korea Qatar 11 2008 Iran Korea Kuwait Saudi- Arabia 14 2010 Lebanon Korea Bahrain Japan 15 2012 Jeddah Proposed 1.3. World Championship In 1938, the first Indoor Handball World Championship was played in the Deutschlandhalle in Berlin. This first Tournament was held with only four participating teams. The first field handball WC was held in July of the same year in Berlin and other German cities, which was also won by Germany who were then Olympic champions (in 1936) and dual world champions. Both WC tournaments were administered by the IAHF (International Amateur Handball Federation), the forerunner organization of 1946 founded IHF, which was founded in 1928, and meant to be celebrational events for the l0th birthday of the Organization. The first World Championship took place in Germany in 1938, involving four teams from Europe. Throughout their history, the World Championships has been dominated by European teams any medals have yet to be won by non-Europeans.8 Table 1.2 Result of Handball World Championships Sr. No. Year Host Country Gold Silver Bronze 1 1938 Germany Germany Austria Sweden 2 1954 Sweden Sweden West Germany Czechoslovakia 3 1958 East Germany Sweden Czechoslovakia Germany 4 1961 West Germany Romania Czechoslovakia Sweden 5 1964 Czechoslovakia Romania Sweden Czechoslovakia 6 1967 Sweden Czechoslovakia Denmark Romania 7 1978 Denmark West Germany Soviet Union East Germany 8 1982 West Germany Soviet Union Yugoslavia Poland 9 1986 Switzerland Yugoslavia Hungary East Germany 10 1990 Czechoslovakia Sweden Soviet Union Romania 11 1993 Sweden Russia France Sweden 12 1995 Iceland France Croatia Sweden 11 1997 Japan Russia Sweden France 14 1999 Egypt Sweden Russia Yugoslavia 15 2001 France France Sweden Yugoslavia 16 2003 Portugal Croatia Germany France 17 2005 Tunisia Spain Croatia France 18 2007 Germany Germany Poland Denmark 19 2009 Croatia France Croatia Poland 20 2011 Sweden France Denmark Spain 21 2011 Spain Proposed 1.4. Handball in Olympics After 1936, field handball was no longer played at the games; Indoor handball was presented for the first time at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. The introduction of womens handball to the Games took place in 1976 in Montreal. The Soviet Union won this first womens Olympic competition, taking home two gold medals after the 11-team mens competition and the six-team womens one.9 Table 1.3 Result of Handball Olympics Championships Sr. No. Year Host Country Gold Silver Bronze 1 1936 Berlin Germany Austria Switzerland 2 1948-1968 Not include in Olympic programme 3 1972 Munich Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia Romania 4 1976 Montreal Soviet Union Romania Poland 5 1980 Moscow East Germany Soviet Union Romania 6 1984 Los Angeles Yugoslavia West Germany Romania 7 1988 Seoul Soviet Union South Korea Yugoslavia 8 1992 Barcelona Unified Team Sweden Spine 9 1996 Atlanta Croatia Sweden France 10 2000 Sydney Russia Sweden Spain 11 2004 Athens Croatia Germany Russia 12 2008 Beijing France Iceland Spain 13 2012 London France Sweden Croatia 1.5. History of Handball in India In India, handball has become famous among other sports played at Schools, colleges, university, clubs and professionally. It is world second fastest game and always considered as a high fitness, perception, speed, timing, accuracy and agility. With its rules and regulation and playing set up is being popularly played in India. It is a devoting and challenging game. Indian athletes also represent National and International competitions in this game but lake of scientific Training, Knowledge, dirty politics, quota system research based information the results of handball players are very poor in international area. Handball entered India in early seventies with filed version (11 a side) outdoor game and Indian handball federation was formed in 1971, with 16 states as its units was played in its infant days in India, first senior national championship held at Haryana (Rohatak). Soon it spread all over the country but state like Punjab, Haryana, Jammu-Kashmir, A.P and Maharashtra have e dge over other states as far as standards and popularity of handball in India, On date IHF 33 units (States, Boards, Steel Plants and Railways) Punjab Police, Services C.I.C.F, C.R.P.F Professional team which dominated handball Scene the country. The place of this game in Asian was given in 1982 which was held in India at Delhi. This game was included all India-Inter University in 1979-80 and first All India Inter University held at Nagpur, Nagpur university won the Gold Medal, Silver Medal was won by Punjab, Bronze Medal was won by Osmania and Kurukshetra University got fourth place in men section. Women section Nagpur University P.A.U. University and Bombay University were bagged Gold, Silver and Bronze accordingly. Handball was included is a National games. Services, Punjab, Haryana, Jammu-Kashmir, Kerala, A.P and Maharashtra these states have given many International players to India. Indian team has participated at various international tournaments. Out of which India could win Second youth commonwealth handball championship held at Dhaka in 1995 after being runner up in 1990 at New Delhi, youth team also got second Place in 1997 commonwealth youth handball championship held at Edinburgh U.K. Apart from participation of India team some in club teams like Services, Punjab police, SAI, Gujarat and National Handball academy club participate in championship held at Malaysia, South Africa and Cochin. Services Handball team participated in world military Games. Punjab Police team remained runners up in South Africa. After infusion of handball events in police arena, it has generated more competition in national and state championships. Presently services team is the senior national champion. Similarly handball was introduced Maharashtra in 1972 at Nagpur and first handball state championship held at Nagpur. Since handball is most popular team game in Maharashtra and provides many quality International players. Presently Pune District team was champion of State Championship.10 Table 1.4 Result of Handball National Championships Sr. No. Year Host Country Gold Silver Bronze 1. 1972 Rothak Haryana A.P. 2. 1973 Hyderabad A.P. U.P. 3. 1973 Pune Punjab Bihar J K 4. 1975 Bangalore Bihar A.P. J K 5. 1976 Jamshedpur I.A.F. Bihar 6. 1977 Nizamabad I.A.F. Bihar 7. 1978 Shrinagar I.A.F. J K 8. 1979 Hyderabad I.A.F. A.P. 9. 1979 Ludhiana I.A.F. Maharashtra J K 10. 1980 Jammu I.A.F. Maharashtra 11. 1981 Hyderabad I.A.F. J K 12. 1982 Delhi I.A.F. Maharashtra A.P. 13. 1983 Wardha 14. 1985 Quilon I.A.F. A.P. Punjab 15. 1986 Bhadreswar Services Maharashtra J K 16. 1986 Bilaspur Services Steel Plants Punjab 17. 1987 J K Services Steel Plant Punjab 18. 1988 Jaipur Services Steel Plant Haryana 19. 1990 Hissar J K Services Haryana 20. 1991 Bhilai Services Steel Plant Punjab 21. 1992 Shimoga Services Steel Plant J K 22. 1992 Bilaspur Services Steel Plant J K 23. 1993 Ludhiana 24. 1994 Lucknow Services Steel Plant U.P. 25. 1994 Jamshedpur Services Karnataka Punjab 26. 1995 Warangal Services Punjab Steel Plant 27. 1996 Nagpur Services Punjab Steel Plant 28. 1997 Jallandar 29. 1997 Trivandrum Services Steel Plant Punjab 30. 1998 Vijayawada Services M.P. J K 31. 1999 Pune Services Rajasthan M.P. 32. 2000 Calicut 33. 2001 Bhilai M.P. Services Punjab 34. 2002 Jammu J K Chhattisgarh Services 35. 2003 Bhilai Chhattisgarh Rajasthan Services 36. 2004 Renikot Punjab Chhattisgarh Services 37. 2004 Jamshedpur Jharkhand SSCB Chhattisgarh 38. 2005 Bhilai Chhattisgarh Kerala Punjab 39. 2006 Ludhiana Punjab SSCB Chhattisgarh 40. 2007 Bilaspur Punjab SSCB Chhattisgarh 41. 2008 Bangalore SSCB Chhattisgarh Punjab 42. 2009 Vishakhapatnam SSCB Punjab Chhattisgarh 43. 2010 Kolkata Chhattisgarh SSCB Punjab 44. 2011 Indore SSCB Punjab Delhi 1.6. Statement of the Problems On the basis of overall observations, experience and general discussions which have been made with experts, referees, national and international players and reviewing of literature on the same theme, it is opined that there is an essential need to frame standard criteria for the selection of efficient and suitable players for handball game to be played at state or national level. Accordingly the present researcher has designed the following statement of problems: 1) Selection of players only on the basis of individual performance in a particular match is not always desirable. 2) In the selection process, basic motor qualities and skills are the most important factors to be considered in order to improve overall performance of the team in the long run. 3) There is no any criterion devised on the date for senior handball players in Maharashtra to provide guidelines for selection of suitable players. 1.7. Significance of the study There are an only a few research studies that have been conducted on this direction in India. Hence, as a serious dearth of research on it, the present study is an immense important to handball coaches, trainer and physical education teachers for making effective coaching and training as well as framing strategies for selecting suitable handball players in a team. It will be proved so fruitful to the selection committees to assess and evaluate the individual performance of handball players to use them for state, national level handball teams. The study may also provide an opportunity and encouragement to the sports talent to go through the standard norms and criteria for their practice in order to enhance their performance for getting selection in state, national team. Besides, the study is to provide an opportunity to research fellow to conduct further research in new dimension in the competitive arena. 1.8. Objectives of the study 1. To identify the performance variables of team handball. 2. To measure selected Morphological, Physical Fitness components and Handball skills. 3. To develop the Norms for Senior handball State level players. 4. To design grading scales for Senior handball State level players. 5. To find out Physical Fitness and Skill status of senior handball players on the basis of developed norms. 1.9. Hypotheses 1. The subjects have performed the fitness and skill test truthfully and with full capacity. 2. The subjects are medically, physically and psychologically fit for tests conducted by the researcher. 3. Maharashtra State Handball Association will permit to conduct the test on the subjects. 1.10. Delimitation of the study 1. This study is restricted to male senior handball players only. 2. This study measures the results of selected morphological, physical fitness and skills only. 3. The study geographical restricted to the Maharashtra state only. 1.11. Limitations of the study 1. The subjects covered under the study from various districts and regions of Maharashtra states having different economical status, diet and training. These are highly impossible to control, hence are limitation to study. 2. Heredity and environmental background of subjects may affect their performance in matches and they have not been controlled. . 1.12. Definitions In order to clarify the further discussion in the study, the following terms have adopted. Norms 11 Norms are performance standards based on analysis of scores. They are developed by collecting scores for a large number of individuals of the same gender and similar age, experience, ability and other such characteristics. Norms may be developed at the National, state or local level. Percentile, T-scores and Z-scores are forms of norms. Pcrcentile12 For the current study the percentile refers to a point in a distribution of scores below which a given percentage of the scores fall. Morphology13 It is a systematic study of external structure and form. Standing Height14 It is the maximum height of the individual when standing erect on a horizontal surface with his head and face in Frankfurt horizontal plane. It is the straight height of the subject (bare-footed) up to the point vertex. It is generally in meters nearest to half of the centimetre. Body weight15 Weight of the nude human body with empty bowels, is known as a body weight. It is measured by the help of weighing machine, is recorded in kilogram nearest to half of kilogram. Physical fitness16 It is the optimum ability to excel in physical strength, stamina and suppleness with respect to status, development and maintenance (SDM). Physical fitness has also defined as ones capacity to perform routine tasks with ease without any fatigue having sufficient extra energy for leisure time activities (WHO) Muscular Strength17 Muscular strength may be defined as the maximal muscular force or tension used in the creation or prevention of the movement in one maximal effort of a muscle group. Muscular Endurance18

Monday, August 19, 2019

The Progression of Gender Roles in American Society Essay -- Gender Ro

The Progression of Gender Roles in American Society Throughout life every man and woman fits into a specific gender role. We are told what is expected of men and women from birth until death. Many people influence our view of how we should act and what we should say such as our parents, friends, and even the media. Males and females play very different roles and these differences are apparent in our every day lives. These differences are not the same as they used to be. Society has changed the way it treats men and women over time. Around the beginning of the 20th century men and women had very specific gender roles. Women in the past were usually looked at as the homemaker types. Very few women had jobs of any type during this time period. Women usually stayed home and cared for children and cared for the home. At this time women had no voting rights either. They were practically a man’s property. Men of this time period also played a different role than they do today. The males of this era made all of the money for the household. They were the ones who went to work and provided for the family. They were looked upon as the head of the family and were expected to act as such. Males were also the ones who voted, so all of the leaders around this time were elected by men. Women are still expected to care for the children and take care of the home, but it is more acceptable these days for a man to take a more active role in sharing those types of responsibil...

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Gun Control in America Essay -- Second Amendment The Right To Bear Arms

One of the biggest issues facing our nation today seems to be gun control. The government is constantly proposing legislation for more and more gun laws. There are people that feel strongly on both sides of this issue. Neither side wants more gun violence; the question is how to control gun violence. The Second Amendment to the United States constitution states â€Å"a well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed†(U.S. Constitution). The founding fathers included this in our bill of rights because they feared the federal government might oppress the population if the people did not have the means to defend themselves as a nation and as individuals. Law-abiding citizens should have the right to protect themselves against danger. One way citizens can protect themselves is through concealed carry permits. A concealed carry permit allows the permit holder to carry a gun (concealed) in most public places. If an applicant meets a set of requirements, a concealed carry permit is issued. These requirements may consist of a licensing fee, safety training course, fingerprinting, a clean record and no history of mental illness. This is also known as â€Å"shall-issue† laws. Thirty-two states have enacted "shall-issue" concealed carry laws (New Mexico being the most recent in April 2001), and one state, Vermont, does not require any permit of its residents....

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Law unit

Consultation- this is your first stage where you have to get different opinions from other people about what they think about the law that you want to introduce. You can do this by creating a survey, questionnaire, asking people face to face etc. If you get you get positive or negative feedback then you can go through to the next stage which is the green paper.Green paper- this is the second stage, where you produce your draft and its being hacked to see if it's suitable enough to be presented to the Members of Parliament White paper- when your bill becomes a white paper it means that it Is suitable to be presented to the public and the members of parliament. You'll then go to the next stage which is the first reading. First reading- this is when all the members of the parliament and the public get together in a court and you present your bill to all of them. Second reading- this can be days after your first reading.In the second reading you'll o In to more detail explaining why you want your bill to be officially made a law. You'll list both the disadvantages and the advantages of the bill. Committee- after your second reading the committee will get together and discuss your bill. They will be located in a room where they have privacy and are able to discuss without any Interference. 1 OFF including the members of parliament and the public and you. The committee will give back feedback to what they think about your bill. Third reading- throughout the presentation your bill might be changed a few times.This is where you present your bill for last and final time. The last vote is taken here, that decide whether your bill is officially a law. Other house (depending where it started of – this is where your bill gets send to the other house depending where it started off. Royal assent- When both houses agree on the bill you've presented and its then sends off to the queen so that can give a royal assent to make your bill and official law. Public and private bills: Private bills- are laws that are passed and only affect a few individuals or reparations.They don't affect the whole community that's why they are known as Private Bills. Private members Bill- These can be sponsored by individual MSP. When presenting a Private Bill all members of the Parliament get together. Normally there will be about 20 members of parliament. They all take turns presenting a Bill to the Parliament. There is a time limit for present a Private Bill. The debate takes place on Fridays so that other members of the Parliament get the chance to present the selected Bill.Public bills- this is laws that are passed and affects the whole country or partly of it. Majority of the Government bills. Fall under: Reform Act 2005, the Legal Service Reform Act 2007 and the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. Doctrine of Parliamentary Supremacy- the Parliament is only allowed to pass laws that can be changed in the future by Parliaments. No other body can overrule the Parliament. The Parliament is known as the I-J constitution. It can make or end a law. It's seen as the highest supreme legal authority.

Animal Cruelty Essay

Renà © Descartes, a famous philosopher, once argued that, â€Å"animals are not sentient- they are machines, like mechanical clocks, devoid of feelings and incapable of experiencing pleasure or pain† (Vaughn). Today, unlike Descartes, most people believe that animals are intrinsically or instrumentally valuable, also, whether they have or deserve any rights. Defining what cruelty is has been very subjective. To some people. An animal is just property and they can beat it around as much as they want, to others, animals are part of their family and they would never lay a finger on them. There is legislation against animal cruelty but because there is so much subjectivity, the legislation fails to deter people from abusing their animals. For there to be equal justice for animal cruelty people must agree on a completely objective definition of what is cruelty and what is not. see more:animal cruelty essay Legislation for animal cruelty varies state to stat. Ohio has laws for animal cruelty in general and a section for cruelty against companion animals. The law defines companion animals as â€Å"any animal that is kept inside a residential dwelling and any dog or cat regardless of where it is kept: (Ohio Cruelty). The law does not consider any livestock or wild animal as a companion animal. The legislation then goes into what it considers cruelty, torture, or neglect. The punishments outlined in the law include jail time, fines, and the removal of their animals. The one thing that is not counted for in this legislation is the emotional ties to the animal. Every person is emotionally attached to their animal in a different way. There is no real objective way to measure how much an animal means to a person. Just because a person is emotionally attached to their animal, that does not mean that they will not commit any act of cruelty against their animal. It is said that Michael Vick claimed to love his dogs even though he subjected them to fog fighting. It is possible that in him mind he truly believed he cared for his doffs. In less extreme cases, a person could love an animal but still strike it when it was bad, In their mind the dog was bad so it deserved to be beaten,. They just do not see that as being animal cruelty. Most people believe that it is wrong to be cruel to animals. Within  different societies, animals are treated differently. Depending on how and or where a person was raised, an animal could be a loved pet that is part of their family, or they could just treat it as property and a tool that is just there for their personal use. According to Ohio law if a person owns a dog then it is considered a companion animal, no matter if it is kept in their residential dwelling or not. IN one situation the owner keeps their dog in their house and it is a part of the family. They treat their dog like a baby, petting, playing, and cuddling with it. In another situation the owner keeps their fog outside and uses it as a watchdog. The only interaction with the dog is just checking to make sure it has food and water, and maybe a quick pat on the head, and gives it a â€Å"good dog† praise. It is quite easy to see that he first person loves their dog. It is not so easy to tell in the second si tuation. They may truly love their dog and that was how they were raised to treat it. They could also have emotional attachments to the dog, such as being proud, without really caring about the dog. Kind of like my dog is bigger than your dog pride. Within the law both situations are considered equal, even though they are unequal in the emotional attachment to their animals. Living in Ohio we are familiar with the Amish culture. They live a more simplistic life without modern technologies, usually farming. Amish are known for their horse-drawn buggies that they use to get around. They also use horses to help on the farm. To some of them, horses are merely a tool and once the horse gets too old and can no longer do what they need it to do, the kill it, To them that is just the way it is, they do not consider that being cruel, People outside the Amish lifestyle have tried to come in and rescue the horses so that they can continue to live, even though they cannot work anymore. Amish are also known for owning ‘Puppy Mills’. Puppy mills are breeding kennels in which dozens, or even hundreds, of dogs are allowed to live in small cages for their whole life, as long as they are given the basics, food, water, and shelter. (Puppy Mills) These mills are not illegal. Some of these Amish-owned [puppy mills treat their dogs very poorly. â€Å"The Amish say they raise dogs much as they would any other livestock, restricting the dogs  to small cages and killing the parents when they are no longer productive† (Hinds). To most people this sounds horrific because they consider them to be companions, not livestock. Animal cruelty is subjective, and that is why legislation is not working to stop it, there needs to be an objective measuring system to measure an animal’s current welfare. There is debate to what standards need to measure and of what weight to put on each of the standards. The one thing that is known is: â€Å"Defendable animal welfare standards require scientific knowledge about animal biology to determine their physiologic, health, environmental, an behavioral requirements. However it is important to note that ethical or value-based judgments provide the underpinning for the scientific questions posed† (Millman). By looking at an animal’s physical behavior, and other factors, and comparing them to the standards, the welfare of the animal can be determined. Millman was talking about measuring the welfare of livestock. The same theory can be applied to companion animals as well. If there are things that [people can look at to determine objectively that an animal is being related cruelly, then legislation will be able to be written that will apply to everyone and will work in every situation, no matter the emotional connection to the animal. Once there is an objective way to measure animal cruelty, the public need to be educated about it. IF more people know what exactly counts as animal cruelty, then they will be more likely to report it. Currently, shows like Animal Cops: Houston bring animal cruelty out of the shadows and show the public that animals are really being abused and that people do get punished for their actions. The Houston Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is just one of the numerous societies in the U.S. that are fighting against animal cruelty. It is said that â€Å"The HSPCA receives over 10,000 reports of animal cruelty or neglect each year† (About Animal Cops: Houston: Animal Planet). People need to be aware of animal abuse to be able to report it. â€Å"Without phone calls from concerned citizens, officials wouldn’t know about most instances of animal abuse. IT all comes from the public† (Maloney). Once people report cases than the people can actually be punished for their actions. In Ohio, Whoever violates the current animal abuse law can be convicted of a misdemeanor of several degrees, and possible a felony of a certain degree. The punishments include jail time and fines, along with the removal of the animal from the convicted person. Some people do not think that the current punishments are fair for the crimes committed. One study gave people different scenarios and asked them to rate the punishment that was given. The Study showed that people were speciesist and chose harsher punishments for abuse on certain animals like puppies as compared to other animals such as chickens. The study found that the most important factor of the punishment was restricting the perpetrator’s ability to adopt an animal in the future. The study also found that the crime type (abuse or neglect) and the crime outcome (life or death) were not strong variables of punishment ratings (Sims). In Some cases, the abuse or neglect of an animal was just because of ignorance. IN those cases the person usually would just be educated about the proper treatment of animals and would not be punished, unless they were found to have not changed and still committed the abuse even though they knew it was wrong. Each crime is different and is judge d by different people so the perpetrator’s punishment tends to vary a bit. IF there was an objective way of identifying animal cruelty then it would be easier to make punishments fairer. The key to fairly assessing animal cruelty is being able to objectively identify it. Once it becomes objective, emotional ties will not determine what is cruelly. People then need to be aware of what is considered animal cruelty and report it when the see it. After that the crime can be fairly punished.

Friday, August 16, 2019

Philippine History Essay

I admire what Jose Rizal did in helping and gaining the liberty and freedom of our country. What he did was heroic because he fought for freedom in a silent but powerful way. He did not form and train soldiers and use swords and guns in fighting for democracy. He did the very effective tactic in inspiring and educating his fellow Filipino. His writings were very powerful that had opened the eyes of millions of Filipinos in that time. It serves as their encouragement during their very disappointing situation. Jose Rizal awakened the Filipino’s hopes and dreams to have freedom and peace for every while living under the abusive and corrupt Spaniards. He expressed his love to the people through his inspiring novels, essays, articles and poems rather than a force of aggression. Rizal’s great love and sensitivity to the needs of the people especially to the misfortune ones was overwhelming as evidence by his sincere services to the people as doctor, engineer, teacher, artist, farmer, and the like. His impressive intelligence made a great impact to all and that’s what makes him the Philippine Hero.This is just some of Rizal’s traits that prove his heroic deeds to our country. His honoring deeds has to be followed and live by everybody. His example is exceptional and worthy to be called a Hero. I am convince that such act may seem unattainable but it starts with doing the right thing in some little ways may a big difference and impact to the society. Being a teacher was one of Rizal’s profession and if all teachers would have the same passion as of Rizal, surely a small town, city and country would also produce great students and/or citizens of our country. The Philippine revolution led by Andres Bonifacio was fueled by the writings of Jose Rizal, the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which made a more lasting impression. This is one of the best arguments of those who believe that Rizal is rightfully the national hero. Rizal was truly an inspiration to many Filipinos during the Spanish period. According to the historian Rafael Palma, Rizal was more deserving of the national hero title. Rizal was even thought to have suggested that Antonio Luna lead the revolutionary  forces since Luna has studied military science which was a brilliant idea to lessen casualties against the powerhouse Spanish militia. Rizal believed that only an army that was well prepared and had enough arms would ensure victory .